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    NGK Insulators - NaS Batteriehersteller (Seite 3)

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      schrieb am 06.03.11 11:50:56
      Beitrag Nr. 4 ()
      Molten Metal Batteries Return for Renewable Energy Storage

      New ideas for making sodium sulfur batteries could make them the answer for taming the variability of wind and solar power

      By Peter Behr and ClimateWire | Monday, February 28, 2011 | 6

      The Streator Cayuga Ridge South Wind Farm NOT ALWAYS BLOWING IN THE WIND: Energy storage is crucial to handle the intermittent nature of wind power. Image: Courtesy Energy.gov
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      EaglePicher Technologies, a manufacturer of specialized batteries for military and space programs, is partnered with the federal government to develop a powerful battery storage technology to help utilities smooth out the ups and downs of renewable power.

      It's a familiar path for the Joplin, Mo., company.

      EaglePicher began developing a battery for space applications in the mid-1980s that used sodium and sulfur components. Its model performed successfully on the Columbia space shuttle in 1997.

      But by then, the focus for military and space batteries had shifted to lithium-ion models in the United States and the impetus for a sodium sulfur battery vanished in this country. EaglePicher mothballed its work.

      Now EaglePicher is back in the game, working on a sodium sulfur battery with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), backed by a $7.2 million grant from the Energy Department's Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E). It was one of 37 such awards made in 2009 to foster clean energy breakthroughs. EaglePicher is funding the $1.8 million balance of the three-year project.

      With Energy Department research and development budgets facing an uncertain future in Congress, the future for such clean energy partnerships is also uncertain. This week, ARPA-E will show off its grantees at the 2011 Innovation Summit in Washington, bringing together scientists, venture capital funders and elected officials in a bid for political support for President Obama's goal of producing 80 percent of the U.S. electricity supply from clean energy sources by 2035.

      PNNL estimates that more than 200,000 megawatt-hours of power from energy storage would be needed in 2030 if the United States were to get 20 percent of its electricity from renewable sources then. The concept is to store electricity made from renewable energy when it is in surplus -- such as wind energy at night -- and use it during during peak demand periods during the day.

      The characteristics of sodium sulfur batteries are well-suited for that. While the technology was pioneered in this country, but then abandoned, Japan saw the promise and picked it up. Its Ministry of International Trade and Industry chose it as a targeted opportunity.

      Japan takes the idea and runs with it
      Tokyo Electric Power Co. and NGK Insulators pushed sodium sulfur development in the 1990s, and today, NGK is the primary commercial manufacturer. U.S. utilities seeking large storage batteries for renewable energy can face a wait of a year or more.

      It amounts to the second big battery technology fumble the United States has been involved with. The technology that underpins the ubiquitous lithium-ion batteries in consumer electronics products was invented by American physicist John Goodenough in the late 1970s, helped by a $20,000 grant from the U.S. Air Force. Ignored by U.S. manufacturers, it was commercialized by Sony and other Japanese companies in the 1990s.

      PNNL scientist and project coordinator Gordon Graff says the laboratory's partnership with EaglePicher seeks to leapfrog NGK's design to perfect a more compact architecture that could significantly boost the battery's efficiency and performance while also greatly simplifying the manufacturing process.

      "This is a radical change in design," said Graff, who holds 22 patents. "This is one of the ways we can make this step jump."

      In the PNNL facility in Richland, Wash., Graff hefts one of the NGK batteries as he explains the opportunities that PNNL and EaglePicher team hope to exploit.

      The NGK battery is a cylinder with sodium in the center, separated from molten sulfur by a ceramic membrane that allows the passage of sodium ions to create the battery's current. The tubular design of the NGK membrane and casings simplifies maintaining a secure seal on the volatile chemicals within the battery, whose internal temperature reaches 350 degrees Celsius.

      If the battery can be made instead with a flat, planar membrane encased in a box-like structure, the battery could deliver more power, at lower temperatures, and would be sturdier and be far simpler to mass produce, says David Lucero, who directs EaglePicher's advanced battery project. "We think the planar design could increase performance by 30 percent, getting more energy in a smaller package," said Lucero.

      Reinventing a reinvention
      "You should be able to get roughly a 25 to 30 percent reduction in costs because it's so much easier to manufacture sheets of materials than closed-end tubes," Graff said. The membrane that separates sodium and sulfur components can be made much thinner in the flattened design, he added.

      Like other ARPA-E funded projects, this one is no sure thing.

      "There are many problems," Graff said. "One of the biggest ones is seals. In this geometry, all you have to seal is the top lip," he said, holding up the NGK model. A fail-safe seal is harder to achieve in the flattened design, he said. "Why would you even attack that?" Graff asked. Because the lab has been working on planar designs for 15 years, he said, answering his own question.

      Most of the first year's work was basic research at PNNL. "As we begin year two, we are transferring the work here, to scale up to the final demonstration," Lucero said. The team is pleased with the progress made so far, but there are still risks.

      "We're doing very, very well," Graff said. The goal for PNNL and EaglePicher is to deliver a 5-kilowatt battery producing 10 kilowatt-hours of energy by the end of 2012.

      ARPA-E has set milestones for each stage of the project, Lucero said. "The project is reviewed on a quarterly basis to make certain the development is advancing satisfactorily. These are very aggressive go-no go types of metrics that we have to achieve.

      "ARPA-E is not doing science for science's sake," Lucero added. "They wanted a science-industry partnership product technology that has a better chance of being utilized. There is a cost share to make sure that the industry partner has skin in the game."

      The ARPA-E funding should allow for the completion of the three-year demonstration project, PNNL says. Then, if the technology challenges are met, the future of this sodium sulfur battery is likely to be determined by intersecting policy and market forces, including the size and growth of the renewable power industry and the availability of hundreds of millions of dollars in capital to eventually to move to commercial production.

      It's happened before. "In the mid-90s, NGK made significant investments developing the technology so they could commercialize it," Lucero said. "They were pretty visionary."

      Reprinted from Climatewire with permission from Environment & Energy Publishing, LLC. www.eenews.net, 202-628-6500
      Avatar
      schrieb am 09.01.11 11:52:24
      Beitrag Nr. 3 ()
      inzwischen aufgestockt und ins anlageportfolio übernommen; sie scheinen weltweit die einzigen zu sein, die NaS Batterien kommerziell anbieten
      Avatar
      schrieb am 06.08.10 21:33:59
      Beitrag Nr. 2 ()
      Herman K. Trabish: August 6, 2010
      Xcel Shows it Can Catch the Wind in a Big Battery

      Utility’s test results prove wind power and solar power can work better with a battery.

      Xcel Energy has taken a big step toward the pot of gold at the end of the battery storage of renewable energy rainbow with the successful testing of a battery big enough to store wind power-generated electricity for 500 homes.

      "This is critical technology," Forbes Black, a battery technology and energy storage systems engineer, said of Xcel's work. "We're going to have to figure out ways to store energy for when renewables are not generating and this sounds like a really good step in that direction."

      Xcel is testing a sodium sulfur (NaS) battery at an 11-megawatt (MW) wind farm near Luverne, Minnesota. The 80-ton battery made by NGK Insulators Ltd. of Japan is a constellation of twenty 50-kilowatt modules the size of two semi trailers. It stores 7.2 megawatt-hours of electricity in total and can instantly absorb or generate one megawatt of power.

      The sodium sulfur battery, Black observed, is likely both simple and inexpensive. The key, he said, "is storing the most kilowatt-hours per dollar that you possibly can. You need big cheap batteries."

      "My doubts," he added, "are scale-related. I am not sure any battery technology right now can be used for grid-scale energy storage. There is a huge expense related to that."

      Frank Novachek, Xcel Energy's Director of Corporate Planning and the manager of the wind-to-battery storage project, explained how the preliminary results of the field test that began in October 2008 unequivocally prove the technical capability of the batteries to store wind. They also confirm Black's doubts.

      "We don't know what the right battery price is," Novachek said about the use of battery storage for shifting wind energy from off-peak availability (when electricity is least expensive) to peak demand availability (when electricity is most expensive). "But we do know it's too high for looking at the time-shifting aspects alone."

      But time shifting is only one of battery storage's many uses. Deferring the need for a transmission/distribution system upgrade is a much more cost-effective application, according to Novachek. Renewable capacity is going to waste and being left uninstalled in resource-rich places around the U.S. because new transmission is so expensive and red-tape-intensive. But, in West Virginia, AEP, Novachek said, has relieved a distribution bottleneck sufficiently to have deferred the need for new wires through the use of a one-megawatt sodium sulfur battery.

      Battery storage is also cost-effective when it is used to ease wind's variability. "You use the battery to slow down any changes in the output of the wind farm," Novachek explained. A small amount of instantly available capacity allows more time for secondary generation sources to ramp. "If the wind picks up really quickly, the battery would start charging," he said. "If the wind drops off, you use the battery to discharge to the grid."

      There are other ways grid operators can use battery storage to integrate wind and solar more efficiently into the transmission system. One is a crucial but very technical use of battery storage that has to do with balancing voltage. Another is the precise mixing of battery-stored electricity into minute-by-minute grid supply fluctuations.

      Xcel and its partners at the University of Minnesota have only just begun to understand the ideal ratio of battery storage capability to total project capacity needed for effective ramp rate control. "It's somewhere between one and five megawatts for this wind farm," Novachek said of the ratio derived from the eleven-megawatt Minnesota wind farm field test. "We were only able to test one- and five-megawatt capacities. I think it's probably closer to one. I don't think you need half the size of the wind farm."

      The right ratio also depends on what the project and grid operators want the storage to accomplish.

      "In Japan," Novachek explained, "NGK -- the people who provided our sodium sulfur battery -- have a facility where they have a 30-megawatt battery tied to a 50-megawatt wind farm."

      The Japanese transmission system does not integrate wind and other variable renewables like the U.S. system will. "The island's grid system will only accept power if it's guaranteed at a constant output," Novachek said. "So they charge the batteries at night and then they use the batteries for a constant output during the day. As the wind goes down and up, the batteries go up and down to make sure the sum of their output is constant."

      In the U.S., as long as there is a mix of fossil, nuclear and renewable energies being integrated, grid operators will be more concerned with controlling the rate at which the electricity supply changes from one source to another. "If you can control the rate of change to where the overall system can respond," Novachek said, "that will facilitate wind integration."

      The most sophisticated uses of battery storage will come, Novachek contends, when wind and the other renewables are "somewhere greater than 30 percent" of the power on the grid. That allows for the several years Novachek foresees as still necessary to study the technology, understand its parameters and bring down the costs about which Black was rightly concerned.

      "The functionality is there to do the things we need to have done for both solar and wind variability," Novachek said. "The big issues out there now are the technical issues associated with getting the cost down." He isn't certain when that can happen. "Every situation is going to have its own price point."
      Avatar
      schrieb am 12.05.10 13:50:55
      Beitrag Nr. 1 ()
      interessant für smart-Grid:

      Sodium sulphur NAS battery asset development agreed, announces consortium

      A consortium that includes EDF Energy and NGK Insulators, Ltd with MEIDEN and JWD has signed an initial agreement to develop large scale sodium sulphur NAS battery assets to provide ancillary services in the UK.

      Large-scale NAS battery systems have been used in several locations across the world to store energy and provide various applications such as load levelling, stabilising renewable energy and the grid system and will be able to do so for many years to come.

      The consortium is working on the development of a demonstration project before seeking to apply the technology more widely.

      Martin Lawrence, Managing Director, Energy Sourcing and Customer Supply at EDF Energy, said: "EDF Energy is delighted to be working with NGK, bringing their skills and experience to the UK’s energy market. This agreement is a significant and exciting step in the development and potential use of this technology.

      As the UK’s largest generator of low-carbon electricity, EDF Energy has a major role to play in the UK power market. This innovative solution will provide energy and a secure supply as well as help to maintain a robust grid during periods of high demand."

      NGK said, "We are honoured to be working with EDF Energy to deploy the NAS battery in this innovative project. We look forward to this first installation of the NAS battery in UK. By linking our battery knowledge with EDF Energy's understanding of the British power market, we intend to demonstrate the value of reserve services supplied by a battery, instead of using conventional generating plant."
      EDF Energy contacts:

      Rajan Lakhani, Senior Media Manager: +44 207 752 2196
      rajan.lakhani@edfenergy.com
      NGK Insulators contact:

      Matsunaga, Satoh, Public Relations: +81-52-872-7181
      pr-office@ngk.co.jp
      Notes to Editors

      UK Ancillary Market
      Ancillary Services are specialist technical services provided by companies with plant connected to the national grid which facilitate a smooth operation of the energy network. In the UK, power generation, transmission and distribution companies are separate. The energy is traded between market players on the basis of bilateral contracts. In order to ensure a balanced system the gird operator purchases Ancillary Services provided by both power producers and customers. As European Union places restrictions on the amount of power that can be produced by fossil fuel generation plants in order to reduce CO2 emissions; renewable capacity has been increasing, placing additional balancing needs on the grid. To meet these needs NGK, together with EDF Energy are considering the development of utility scale NAS battery systems which have advantages in terms of quick response import (charge) and export (discharge) modes thus providing power to the grid.
      Installed Battery Systems
      Sodium Sulphur NAS Batteries allow the development of large scale modules with capacities ranging from 10MW to 100MW. The technology is in service across the world with an installed capacity of just over 300MW. The NAS Battery systems are found to have a proven reliability and safety record.
      About EDF Energy
      EDF Energy is one of the UK’s largest energy companies. EDF Energy is the UK’s largest producer of electricity and the largest generator of low carbon electricity in Britain. Through Climate and Social Commitments, EDF Energy have launched the biggest environmental and social packages of any UK energy company. EDF Energy produce around one-fifth of the nation's electricity from our nuclear, coal and gas power stations, as well as combined heat and power plants and wind farms. EDF Energy provides power to a quarter of the UK’s population via our electricity distribution networks and supply gas and electricity to over 5.5 million business and residential customers. EDF Energy is a key player in national infrastructure projects including the management of private electricity networks serving four London airports and the Channel Tunnel Rail Link. EDF Energy has recently published plans to build up to four new nuclear power stations in the UK. EDF Energy integrated with British Energy in 2009 and we now employ nearly 20,000 people at locations across the UK. EDF Energy is part of EDF Group, one of Europe’s largest power companies. EDF is the official energy utilities partner and sustainability partner of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.
      About NGK
      NGK is the world’s largest manufacturer of electrical insulators including 1100 kV ultra high voltage suspension & bushing insulators with a 90 year history. NGK is also one of the largest manufacturers of ceramic HONEYCERAM & DPF (Diesel Particulate Filters) for catalyst converters for automobiles. The NAS battery is produced only by NGK, where 20 years was spent in development before it was released for commercial applications. NGK has outstanding agreements to supply 150MW NAS battery system to EDF Energy Nouvelles France and 300 MW to Abu Dhabi over the next 5 years.
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