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Nun ein geschichtlicher Rückblick auf das islamisch osmanische Reich : The umbrella of humanity Since Ottoman times Turkey has been consistently associated with religious freedom, which paved the way for today`s secular state. In the 12th century, during the time of the 3rd Crusade the brilliant Ayyubite Muslim leader Saladin had the famous Spanish philosopher and writer Maimonides, a Jew, as his personal physician, a man responsible for transmitting early books on astronomy to the west which were considered revolutionary a thousand years after being written in Harran. When the Ottomans captured Bursa from the Byzantines in 1324 they found an oppressed Jewish community who recognized the newcomers as liberators. Sultan Orhan gave them permission to build the Etz-ha-Hayyim synagogue which was in use until recent times. In fact so hospitable were the Ottomans to Jewish refugees that, in the early 15th century Rabbi Yitzhak Sarfati of Edirne sent a letter to Jewish communities in Europe entreating them to leave behind the torments they had endured under Christianity "and seek safety and prosperity in Turkey" as part of their path back to the Holy Land. In the summer of 1492, under the reign of the enlightened Sultan Beyazid II whose dream it was to make his empire an "umbrella of humanity," 150,000 Sephardim escaped death or conversion under the Edict of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain. They were officially welcomed into the Ottoman empire and settled in Istanbul, Edirne, Bursa, and many other cities, receiving land, tax exemptions, encouragement and assistance from the government. "The Catholic monarch Ferdinand was wrongly considered as wise" Bayazid II reportedly said, "since he impoverished his country with the expulsion of the Jews, and enriched ours." These new citizens established the first printing press in 1493, and as years went by, a number of famous Ottoman court physicians and diplomats were members of the Jewish community. At the beginning of the 16th century the Jewish community of Istanbul numbered 30,000, making it the most important Jewish community in Europe. For many years there were more Jewish doctors in Istanbul than Muslim. In the late 19th century Dr. Isik Pasa Molho, an Admiral in the Ottoman army, and Dr. Raphael Dalmediko, a Colonel, helped found the 98-bed Orahayim hospital, which still operates today. One of the most important areas of Jewish settlement in Byzantine and Ottoman times was Balat, located along the upper reaches of the Golden Horn. Many of the people who lived here were from Macedonia, and during its "golden age" in the 18th and 19th centuries there were six synagogues. The oldest and most significant is the Ahrida, which predates the Ottoman conquest of Istanbul and has an altar shaped like Noah`s ark. Many Jewish denominations have also been represented in Istanbul. Aside from the Sephardim of Spain, there were Ashkenazi Jews who came from the Crimea and a Karaite minority who had a stronghold in an area near Galata tower. In 1900 the total Jewish community of Istanbul was 300,000. In the 1930`s, the revolutionary secularist leader, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, invited many eminent Jewish professors to escape persecution in Germany and settle in Turkey, and during the war provided a safe passage for many to Palestine. However, since the late 1940`s the Jewish community of Turkey had dwindled considerably. Over 100,000 Turkish Jews now live in Israel, and the Turkish community numbers only about 27,000, most of whom live in Istanbul. Nonetheless it boasts a large modern high school in Ulus, 16 functioning synagogues, and a Quincentennial Museum dedicated to 500 years of peace and tolerance, as well as celebrating the illustrious Jewish citizens who have contributed to the rich tapestry of Turkish culture. The newspaper "Shalom" has about 4,000 subscribers, and is printed in Turkish and Ladino. They also have an excellent bookshop with Jewish guidebooks and history books about Turkey and Ottoman times. Jewish tourists will enjoy a stroll around the ancient district of Galata, which is home to the Neve Shalom synagogue, where many weddings and Bar Mitvahs take place today. Quelle: http://www.mersina.com/lib/turkish_jews/anatolia/index.html ______ SULTAN ORHAN ERLAUBTE IHNEN DEN BAU DER ETZ-HA-HAYVIM SYNAGOGE! When the Ottomans captured Bursa from the Byzantines in 1324 they found an oppressed Jewish community who recognized the newcomers as liberators. Sultan Orhan gave them permission to build the Etz-ha-Hayyim synagogue which was in use until recent times. VON DER GASTFREUNDLICH DES OSMANISCHEN REICHES GEGENÜBER DER JÜDISCHEN FLÜCHTLINGEN BEGEISTERT, FORDERTE RABBI YITZHAK SARFATI IN EINEM BRIEF AN DIE JÜDISCHEN GEMEINSCHAFTEN IN EUROPA, DIE VOM CHRISTENTUM UNTERDRÜCKT WURDEN, SICH UNTER DEM SCHUTZ DES OSMANISCHEN REICHES ZU BEGEBEN. In fact so hospitable were the Ottomans to Jewish refugees that, in the early 15th century Rabbi Yitzhak Sarfati of Edirne sent a letter to Jewish communities in Europe entreating them to leave behind the torments they had endured under Christianity "and seek safety and prosperity in Turkey" as part of their path back to the Holy Land. 150TAUSEND SEPHARDISCHE JUDEN, VOM CHIRSTLICHEN SPANIEN VERTRIEBEN, WURDEN VON SULTAN BEYAZID AUFGENOMMEN. BEYAZID`S DREAM WAS TO MAKE HIS EMPIRE AN "UMBRELLA OF HUMANITY" In the summer of 1492, under the reign of the enlightened Sultan Beyazid II whose dream it was to make his empire an "umbrella of humanity," 150,000 Sephardim escaped death or conversion under the Edict of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain. M.KEMAL ATATÜRK BOT DEN DEUTSCHEN JUDEN SCHON VIELE JAHRE VOR DEM KRIEG AN DEN SCHUTZ IN DER TÜRKEI ZU SUCHEN. In the 1930`s, the revolutionary secularist leader, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, invited many eminent Jewish professors to escape persecution in Germany and settle in Turkey, and during the war provided a safe passage for many to Palestine. ----- Während des Krieges gelangten mehrere 100Tausend Juden über die Türkei nach Palaestina. Zudem gelang es in Frankreich die Deporatation von ca.10.000Türkischen Juden in die KZ`s zu verhindern. |
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| aus der Diskussion: | OPFER DES CHRISTLICHEN GLAUBENS |
| Autor (Datum des Eintrages): | hassardeur (29.09.01 04:13:33) |
| Beitrag: | 3 von 17 (ID:4528633) |
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