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Improving Vehicle Efficiency Thanks to Axle Gearing
NORTHAMPTON, MA / ACCESS Newswire / September 18, 2025 / Cummins Inc CumminsWhat is axle gearing?Axle gearing plays a critical role in vehicle performance. It determines how efficiently engine power is delivered to the wheels, which directly impacts …
NORTHAMPTON, MA / ACCESS Newswire / September 18, 2025 / Cummins Inc
What is axle gearing?
Axle gearing plays a critical role in vehicle performance. It determines how efficiently engine power is delivered to the wheels, which directly impacts fuel efficiency, torque, acceleration, and the ability to climb grades. Selecting the right axle gearing can lead to lower fuel costs, improved drivability, and fewer maintenance issues throughout the vehicle's life cycle.
At Cummins, we are committed to helping customers match the right axle gear ratio to each application for maximum performance and return on investment. As powertrain systems become more complex, proper axle gear ratio ensures that vehicles remain responsive, efficient, and reliable in real-world operating conditions.
Why are axle gear ratios important?
The axle gear ratios define the relationship between engine speed (RPM) and wheel speed. At cruising speed, lower numerical gear ratios allows the engine to operate in its optimal RPM range. In certain application such as vocational, higher numerical gear ratios ensures there is enough torque to get the vehicle moving uphill. Anyone who has ever driven a car with manual transmission understands this well and has learned to shift transmission gears appropriately while driving.
But there is another set of gears that couples the driveline to the wheel: axle gears. Unlike transmission gearing, axle gear ratios are fixed. Having the correct axle gear ratio for a vehicle's primary application is important.
For example, a truck intended for regional haul with frequent stops may benefit from a higher axle gear ratio. In contrast, linehaul fleets that prioritize fuel economy on flat highways typically benefit from lower axle gear ratios that reduce engine RPM at cruising speed.
A well-optimized powertrain with the correct axle gear ratio saves fuel, reduces unnecessary engine strain and supports sustainability targets. That is why Meritor and Cummins engineering teams work closely with truck manufacturers and fleets to choose the best axle ratios for the job.
What are gear ratios?
Axle gear ratios are expressed numerically-such as 4.10:1, 3.70:1, or 2.15:1-and represent the number of times the driveshaft must turn to spin the wheels once. For example, with a 4.10 axle ratio, the driveshaft must turn 4.10 times for each full wheel rotation. This ratio is determined by the number of teeth on two internal components: the ring gear and the pinion gear.
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