Seabridge Gold's KSM Tunnel Authorizations Face Third Legal Challenge from Tudor Gold

It Seeks to Void Licence of Occupation

Toronto, Ontario--(Newsfile Corp. - October 7, 2025) - Seabridge Gold Inc. (TSX: SEA) (NYSE: SA) (the "Company") announced today that Tudor Gold Corp. ("Tudor") has filed a Petition in the British Columbia Supreme Court against the British Columbia Ministry of Water, Land and Resource Stewardship ("WLRS") and the Company and the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary that owns 100% of the KSM Project, KSM Mining ULC (together with the Company, "Seabridge"), seeking judicial review of the September, 2024, determination by WLRS to grant a Licence of Occupation ("2024 LoO") across mineral claims that are part of Tudor's Treaty Creek Property (the "Treaty Project Claims") for the construction and operation of the KSM Project's Mitchell Treaty Tunnels ("MTT").

The 2024 LoO provides Seabridge with the right to occupy a narrow corridor in which it proposes to construct and operate the MTT. The 2024 LoO was a replacement of a prior Licence of Occupation that had been issued to Seabridge in 2014 over the same land. The MTT are two 23 km long parallel tunnels planned to connect the east and west sides of the KSM Project Mine Site. Approximately 12.5 km of the MTT route pass through the Treaty Project Claims.

In its Petition, Tudor is seeking declarations that: (1) a Licence of Occupation cannot interfere with the rights of a mineral claims holder; (2) all provisions of the 2024 LoO that grant Seabridge rights across the Treaty Project Claims are severed from the 2024 LoO; and, (3) an order quashing WLRS's decision to grant the 2024 LoO. The Petition includes an allegation that WLRS's decision to grant the 2024 LoO was procedurally unfair or unreasonable. The Petition also asserts that construction of the MTT requires Seabridge to have a right to the Treaty Project Claims since, according to Tudor: "If constructed according to its current plan, the MTT will destroy the economic viability of the Treaty Creek Project and remove all reasonable uses of Tudor's property."

As a mineral claims holder, Tudor owns the rights to the minerals within the area of its mineral claims. However, the land that the Treaty Project Claims covers is land owned by the Province of British Columbia. The terms of the 2024 LoO are designed to protect Tudor's rights to the minerals within its claims; requiring Seabridge to store the small amount of material excavated during MTT construction within the Treaty Project Claims under Tudor's ownership. Construction of the MTT is similar to construction of roads, pipelines, railways, or other infrastructure across public land. In its Petition, Tudor is essentially asserting that the Province can't authorize the construction of infrastructure through land owned by the Province if there is a mineral claim covering it. If true, that would render large portions of British Columbia unavailable for construction of infrastructure without the consent of mineral claims holders. The statutory regime is not set up that way.