Bentley Systems Announces Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 Results and 2024 Financial Outlook

Bentley Systems, Incorporated (Nasdaq: BSY), the infrastructure engineering software company, today announced results for its fourth quarter and full year ended December 31, 2023, and its financial outlook for 2024.

Fourth Quarter 2023 Results

• Total revenues were $310.6 million, up 8.3% or 7.3% on a constant currency basis, year-over-year;

• Subscriptions revenues were $272.5 million, up 8.3% or 7.4% on a constant currency basis, year-over-year;

• Annualized Recurring Revenues (“ARR”) was $1,174.8 million as of December 31, 2023, compared to $1,036.5 million as of December 31, 2022, representing a constant currency ARR growth rate of 12.5%;

• Last twelve-month recurring revenues dollar-based net retention rate was 109%, compared to 110% for the same period last year;

• Operating income margin was 12.2%, compared to 14.2% for the same period last year;

• Adjusted operating income inclusive of stock-based compensation expense (“Adjusted OI w/SBC”) margin was 24.0%, compared to 22.5% for the same period last year;

• Net income per diluted share was $0.54, compared to $0.08 for the same period last year;

• Adjusted net income per diluted share (“Adjusted EPS”) was $0.20, compared to $0.19 for the same period last year; and

• Cash flow from operations was $87.1 million, compared to $36.1 million for the same period last year.

Full Year 2023 Results

• Total revenues were $1,228.4 million, up 11.8% or 11.9% on a constant currency basis over 2022;

• Subscriptions revenues were $1,080.3 million, up 12.5% or 12.5% on a constant currency basis over 2022;

• Operating income margin was 18.8%, compared to 19.0% for 2022;

• Adjusted OI w/SBC margin was 26.4%, compared to 24.9% for 2022;

• Net income per diluted share was $1.00, compared to $0.55 for 2022;

• Adjusted EPS was $0.91, compared to $0.85 for 2022; and

• Cash flow from operations was $416.7 million, compared to $274.3 million for 2022.

CEO Greg Bentley said, “Our financial results for 23Q4 and the full year underscore the sustained combination of auspicious infrastructure engineering markets and the strength of our operations. I enthusiastically congratulate COO Nicholas Cumins and our teams for delivering another year of unsurpassed performance, resourcefully reaching fully 100% of our new business target while also clearing our established hurdle of 100 basis points in annual operating margin improvement. Most notably, we achieved ARR growth (year‑over‑year constant currency business performance, including programmatic acquisitions) of 12.5%, and excluding China, as our purposeful transitions from direct subscriptions there gain traction, we achieved a high-water mark of 13.5%.

“Our financial outlook for 2024 reflects our confidence in sustaining consistent organic growth with comparable annual improvement in operating margin (including stock‑based compensation). Our investment programs will prioritize outright acquisitions in asset analytics, where our breakthrough offerings for communications towers (OpenTower) and for roadway conditions (Blyncsy) are proving that AI now enables ‘instant-on’ infrastructure digital twins, at scale. I believe that asset analytics cloud services, monetized per asset, can significantly increase our total addressable market and digital twin growth.”

COO Nicholas Cumins commented, “Our Bentley colleagues across the board deserve credit for our solid 2023 financial results. Our main growth drivers continue to be North America, application mix accretion in our E365 enterprise accounts, and in our small- and medium-sized accounts our Virtuosity subscriptions as well as license sales, which provide us competitive differentiation. For 2024, while striving for consistent operational performance, we will increase our focus on marketing, and continue to adopt digital twin technology throughout Bentley Infrastructure Cloud and within our modeling and simulation applications.”

CFO Werner Andre said, “We are pleased to report another solid quarter and year. Our 2024 financial outlook is supported by continued favorable market conditions and the momentum of our growth initiatives. It also assumes a slightly larger than normal range of possible outcomes to account for our commercial model shift in China (from ARR), lower acquisition expectations, and reduced escalations based on inflation. Our consistent strong cash conversion has allowed us to completely repay our revolving line of credit after year-end and enables us to raise our modest dividend, continue to buy back shares to offset dilution from stock‑based compensation, and pursue programmatic acquisitions to expand our AI‑driven asset analytics business.”

Recent Developments

• During the fourth quarter of 2023, we recognized a net discrete income tax benefit of $170.8 million attributable to internal legal entity restructuring and related intra-entity transactions as part of our continuing efforts to align intellectual property ownership with our business operating model; and

• During the fourth quarter of 2023, we recorded a $12.6 million charge for realignment expenses primarily to provide for severance (affecting under 5% of our workforce) in order to reinvest in go-to-market functions, as well as in AI product development.

2024 Financial Outlook

The Company is sharing the following financial outlook for the full year 2024:

• Total revenues in the range of $1,350 million to $1,375 million and constant currency growth of 10% to 12%;

• Constant currency ARR growth rate (business performance, including programmatic acquisitions) of 10.5% to 13%;

• Adjusted OI w/SBC margin annual improvement of approximately 100 basis points;

• Effective tax rate of approximately 20%;

• Cash flow from operations representing a conversion rate from Adjusted EBITDA of approximately 80%; and

• Capital expenditures of approximately $22 million.

The 2024 outlook information provided above includes non-GAAP financial measures management uses in measuring performance and liquidity. The Company is unable to reconcile these forward-looking non-GAAP measures to GAAP without unreasonable efforts because it is not possible to predict with a reasonable degree of certainty the actual impact of certain items and unanticipated events, including stock‑based compensation charges, amortization of acquired intangible assets, realignment expenses, and other items, which would be included in GAAP results. The impact of such items and unanticipated events could be potentially significant.

The 2024 outlook is forward-looking, subject to significant business, economic, regulatory, and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond the control of the Company and its management, and based upon assumptions with respect to future decisions, which are subject to change. Actual results may vary and those variations may be material. As such, our results may not fall within the ranges contained in this outlook. The Company uses these forward-looking measures to evaluate its ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes.

Increased Quarterly Cash Dividend

On February 21, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors increased by one cent the Company’s regular quarterly dividend effective from the first quarter of 2024 and declared a $0.06 per share dividend for the first quarter of 2024. The cash dividend is payable on March 28, 2024 to all stockholders of record of Class A and Class B common stock as of the close of business on March 20, 2024.

Call Details

Bentley Systems will host a live Zoom video webinar on February 27, 2024 at 8:15 a.m. EST to discuss results for its fourth quarter and full year ended December 31, 2023, and 2024 Financial Outlook.

Those wishing to participate should access the live Zoom video webinar of the event through a direct registration link at https://us06web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_N_lpPc0VQsKFdbH7fLbm1A#/re .... Alternatively, the event can be accessed from the Events & Presentations page on Bentley Systems’ Investor Relations website at https://investors.bentley.com. In addition, a replay and transcript will be available after the conclusion of the live event on Bentley Systems’ Investor Relations website for one year.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In this press release, we sometimes refer to financial measures that are not presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Certain of these measures are considered non-GAAP financial measures under the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regulations. Those rules require the supplemental explanations and reconciliations that are in Bentley Systems’ Form 8-K (Quarterly Earnings Release) furnished to the SEC.

During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company changed its definitions of constant currency and constant currency growth rates. We made this modification in order to better align with how we manage the business, to better reflect our performance during a reporting period, and to make the effects of foreign currency fluctuations and constant currency information more easily comparable on a period‑over‑period basis.

We are providing what our constant currency and constant currency growth rates results would have been pursuant to the prior definition for the applicable periods so that investors and potential investors that have analyzed these non-GAAP financial measures historically using our prior definitions can compare our historical results to our current results with respect to these non-GAAP financial measures using the prior definitions. Refer to the section titled “Reconciliation of GAAP to Non‑GAAP Financial Measures” for reconciliations of constant currency non‑GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures under the current and prior definitions.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release includes forward-looking statements regarding the future results of operations and financial condition, business strategy, and plans and objectives for future operations of Bentley Systems, Incorporated (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and words of similar import). All such statements contained in this press release, other than statements of historical facts, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations, projections, and assumptions about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, and there are a significant number of factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from statements made in this press release including: adverse changes in global economic and/or political conditions; the impact of current and future sanctions, embargoes and other similar laws at the state and/or federal level that impose restrictions on our counterparties or upon our ability to operate our business within the subject jurisdictions; political, economic, regulatory and public health and safety risks and uncertainties in the countries and regions in which we operate; failure to retain personnel necessary for the operation of our business or those that we acquire; changes in the industries in which our accounts operate; the competitive environment in which we operate; the quality of our products; our ability to develop and market new products to address our accounts’ rapidly changing technological needs; changes in capital markets and our ability to access financing on terms satisfactory to us or at all; the impact of changing or uncertain interest rates on us and on the industries we serve; our ability to integrate acquired businesses successfully; and our ability to identify and consummate future investments on terms satisfactory to us or at all.

Further information on potential factors that could affect the financial results of the Company are included in the Company’s Form 10‑K and subsequent Form 10‑Qs, which are on file with the SEC. The Company disclaims any obligation to update the forward-looking statements provided to reflect events that occur or circumstances that exist after the date on which they were made.

About Bentley Systems

Bentley Systems (Nasdaq: BSY) is the infrastructure engineering software company. We provide innovative software to advance the world’s infrastructure – sustaining both the global economy and environment. Our industry-leading software solutions are used by professionals, and organizations of every size, for the design, construction, and operations of roads and bridges, rail and transit, water and wastewater, public works and utilities, buildings and campuses, mining, and industrial facilities. Our offerings, powered by the iTwin Platform for infrastructure digital twins, include MicroStation and Bentley Open applications for modeling and simulation, Seequent’s software for geoprofessionals, and Bentley Infrastructure Cloud encompassing ProjectWise for project delivery, SYNCHRO for construction management, and AssetWise for asset operations. Bentley Systems’ 5,200 colleagues generate annual revenues of more than $1 billion in 194 countries.

www.bentley.com

2024 Bentley Systems, Incorporated. Bentley, the Bentley logo, AssetWise, Bentley Infrastructure Cloud, Bentley Open, Blyncsy, iTwin, MicroStation, OpenTower, ProjectWise, Seequent, SYNCHRO, and Virtuosity are either registered or unregistered trademarks or service marks of Bentley Systems, Incorporated or one of its direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries. All other brands and product names are trademarks of their respective owners.

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands) (unaudited)
		December 31,
		2023				2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	68,412			$	71,684
Accounts receivable			302,501				296,376
Allowance for doubtful accounts			(8,965	)			(9,303	)
Prepaid income taxes			12,812				18,406
Prepaid and other current assets			44,797				38,732
Total current assets			419,557				415,895
Property and equipment, net			40,100				32,251
Operating lease right-of-use assets			38,476				40,249
Intangible assets, net			248,787				292,271
Goodwill			2,269,336				2,237,184
Investments			23,480				22,270
Deferred income taxes			212,831				52,636
Other assets			67,283				72,249
Total assets		$	3,319,850			$	3,165,005
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable		$	18,094			$	15,176
Accruals and other current liabilities			457,348				362,048
Deferred revenues			253,785				226,955
Operating lease liabilities			11,645				14,672
Income taxes payable			9,491				4,507
Current portion of long-term debt			10,000				5,000
Total current liabilities			760,363				628,358
Long-term debt			1,518,403				1,775,696
Deferred compensation plan liabilities			88,181				77,014
Long-term operating lease liabilities			30,626				27,670
Deferred revenues			15,862				16,118
Deferred income taxes			9,718				51,235
Income taxes payable			7,337				8,105
Other liabilities			5,378				7,355
Total liabilities			2,435,868				2,591,551
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock			2,963				2,890
Additional paid-in capital			1,127,234				1,030,466
Accumulated other comprehensive loss			(84,987	)			(89,740	)
Accumulated deficit			(161,932	)			(370,866	)
Non-controlling interest			704				704
Total stockholders’ equity			883,982				573,454
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity		$	3,319,850			$	3,165,005

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands, except share and per share data) (unaudited)
		Three Months Ended								Year Ended
		December 31,								December 31,
		2023				2022				2023				2022
Revenues:
Subscriptions		$	272,468			$	251,489			$	1,080,307			$	960,220
Perpetual licenses			12,886				12,164				46,038				43,377
Subscriptions and licenses			285,354				263,653				1,126,345				1,003,597
Services			25,287				23,295				102,068				95,485
Total revenues			310,641				286,948				1,228,413				1,099,082
Cost of revenues:
Cost of subscriptions and licenses			45,231				39,674				169,406				147,578
Cost of services			22,566				22,677				96,677				89,435
Total cost of revenues			67,797				62,351				266,083				237,013
Gross profit			242,844				224,597				962,330				862,069
Operating expense (income):
Research and development			71,237				67,890				274,619				257,856
Selling and marketing			64,074				53,946				224,336				195,622
General and administrative			51,995				45,666				180,738				174,647
Deferred compensation plan			8,817				6,091				13,580				(15,782	)
Amortization of purchased intangibles			8,948				10,245				38,515				41,114
Total operating expenses			205,071				183,838				731,788				653,457
Income from operations			37,773				40,759				230,542				208,612
Interest expense, net			(9,170	)			(11,114	)			(39,793	)			(34,635	)
Other (expense) income, net			(14,429	)			9,505				(7,222	)			24,298
Income before income taxes			14,174				39,150				183,527				198,275
Benefit (provision) for income taxes			165,348				(13,062	)			143,241				(21,283	)
Gain (loss) from investments accounted for using the equity method, net of tax			63				(366	)			19				(2,212	)
Net income		$	179,585			$	25,722			$	326,787			$	174,780
Per share information:
Net income per share, basic		$	0.57			$	0.08			$	1.05			$	0.57
Net income per share, diluted		$	0.54			$	0.08			$	1.00			$	0.55
Weighted average shares, basic			313,526,604				310,025,480				312,358,823				309,226,677
Weighted average shares, diluted			333,418,588				323,916,511				332,503,633				331,765,158

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands) (unaudited)
		Year Ended
		December 31,
		2023				2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income		$	326,787			$	174,780
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization, and impairment			71,861				71,537
Deferred income taxes			(198,878	)			(5,126	)
Stock-based compensation expense			72,972				75,206
Deferred compensation plan			13,580				(15,782	)
Amortization and write-off of deferred debt issuance costs			7,291				7,291
Change in fair value of derivative			5,038				(27,083	)
Foreign currency remeasurement (gain) loss			(452	)			6,000
Other			21,047				2,593
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect from acquisitions:
Accounts receivable			(5,180	)			(60,938	)
Prepaid and other assets			4,112				14,053
Accounts payable, accruals, and other liabilities			68,733				29,181
Deferred revenues			19,933				2,292
Income taxes payable, net of prepaid income taxes			9,852				320
Net cash provided by operating activities			416,696				274,324
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment and investment in capitalized software			(25,002	)			(18,546	)
Proceeds from sale of aircraft			—				2,380
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired			(26,023	)			(743,007	)
Purchases of investments			(11,602	)			(10,954	)
Proceeds from investments			2,123				—
Net cash used in investing activities			(60,504	)			(770,127	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from credit facilities			588,154				833,292
Payments of credit facilities			(841,723	)			(487,694	)
Settlement of convertible senior notes			—				(1,998	)
Repayments of term loan			(5,000	)			(5,000	)
Payments of contingent and non-contingent consideration			(4,324	)			(8,460	)
Payments of dividends			(58,756	)			(34,493	)
Proceeds from stock purchases under employee stock purchase plan			9,988				10,335
Proceeds from exercise of stock options			11,715				8,338
Payments for shares acquired including shares withheld for taxes			(58,937	)			(43,561	)
Repurchases of Class B Common Stock under approved program			—				(28,250	)
Other			(191	)			525
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities			(359,074	)			243,034
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents			(390	)			(4,884	)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents			(3,272	)			(257,653	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year			71,684				329,337
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year		$	68,412			$	71,684

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures (in thousands, except share and per share data) (unaudited)
Reconciliation of operating income to Adjusted OI w/SBC and to Adjusted operating income:
		Three Months Ended							Year Ended
		December 31,							December 31,
		2023			2022				2023			2022
Operating income		$	37,773		$	40,759			$	230,542		$	208,612
Amortization of purchased intangibles			12,181			13,418				51,219			53,592
Deferred compensation plan			8,817			6,091				13,580			(15,782	)
Acquisition expenses			2,588			4,342				17,866			25,398
Realignment expenses (income)			13,270			(114	)			11,470			2,109
Adjusted OI w/SBC			74,629			64,496				324,677			273,929
Stock-based compensation expense			16,563			23,592				71,470			74,566
Adjusted operating income		$	91,192		$	88,088			$	396,147		$	348,495

Reconciliation of net income to Adjusted net income:
	Three Months Ended																Year Ended
	December 31,																December 31,
	2023								2022								2023								2022
	$				EPS(1)				$				EPS(1)				$				EPS(1)				$				EPS(1)
Net income	$	179,585			$	0.54			$	25,722			$	0.08			$	326,787			$	1.00			$	174,780			$	0.55
Non-GAAP adjustments, prior to income taxes:
Amortization of purchased intangibles		12,181				0.04				13,418				0.04				51,219				0.15				53,592				0.16
Stock-based compensation expense		16,563				0.05				23,592				0.07				71,470				0.21				74,566				0.22
Deferred compensation plan		8,817				0.03				6,091				0.02				13,580				0.04				(15,782	)			(0.05	)
Acquisition expenses		2,588				0.01				4,342				0.01				17,866				0.05				25,398				0.08
Realignment expenses (income)		13,270				0.04				(114	)			—				11,470				0.03				2,109				0.01
Other expense (income), net		14,429				0.04				(9,505	)			(0.03	)			7,222				0.02				(24,298	)			(0.07	)
Total non-GAAP adjustments, prior to income taxes		67,848				0.20				37,824				0.11				172,827				0.52				115,585				0.35
Income tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments		(12,333	)			(0.04	)			(4,227	)			(0.01	)			(31,636	)			(0.10	)			(18,059	)			(0.05	)
Tax benefit related to internal restructuring		(170,784	)			(0.51	)			—				—				(170,784	)			(0.51	)			—				—
(Gain) loss from investments accounted for using the equity method, net of tax		(63	)			—				366				—				(19	)			—				2,212				0.01
Adjusted net income(2)	$	64,253			$	0.20			$	59,685			$	0.19			$	297,175			$	0.91			$	274,518			$	0.85
Adjusted weighted average shares, diluted(3)	333,418,588								330,825,309								332,503,633								331,765,158

________________________
(1)	Adjusted EPS was computed independently for each reconciling item presented; therefore, the sum of Adjusted EPS for each line item may not equal total Adjusted EPS due to rounding.
(2)	Adjusted EPS numerator includes $1,717 and $1,695 for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $6,874 and $6,810 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to interest expense, net of tax, attributable to the convertible senior notes using the if‑converted method.
(3)	Adjusted weighted average shares, diluted includes incremental shares, which were considered anti-dilutive on a GAAP basis, of 6,908,798 shares for the three months ended December 31, 2022 related to the dilutive effect of convertible senior notes using the if‑converted method.

Reconciliation of cash flow from operations to Adjusted EBITDA:
	Three Months Ended								Year Ended
	December 31,								December 31,
	2023				2022				2023				2022
Cash flow from operations	$	87,053			$	36,126			$	416,696			$	274,324
Cash interest		8,019				8,934				37,389				26,581
Cash taxes		13,728				7,388				42,431				25,890
Cash deferred compensation plan distributions		—				—				2,125				7,336
Cash acquisition expenses		1,632				2,999				21,409				26,168
Changes in operating assets and liabilities		(9,964	)			38,588				(94,458	)			8,088
Other(1)		(2,383	)			(1,472	)			(8,803	)			(1,947	)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	98,085			$	92,563			$	416,789			$	366,440

________________________
(1)	Includes receipts related to interest rate swap.

Reconciliation of total revenues and subscription revenues to total revenues and subscription revenues in constant currency under the current and prior definitions:
Current definition:
	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023									Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
	Actual			Impact of Foreign Exchange at 2022 Rates			Constant Currency			Actual			Impact of Foreign Exchange at 2022 Rates			Constant Currency
Total revenues	$	310,641		$	(2,549)		$	308,092		$	286,948		$	274		$	287,222
Subscriptions revenues	$	272,468		$	(2,147)		$	270,321		$	251,489		$	278		$	251,767

	Year Ended December 31, 2023									Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Actual			Impact of Foreign Exchange at 2022 Rates			Constant Currency			Actual			Impact of Foreign Exchange at 2022 Rates			Constant Currency
Total revenues	$	1,228,413		$	2,486		$	1,230,899		$	1,099,082		$	981		$	1,100,063
Subscriptions revenues	$	1,080,307		$	1,239		$	1,081,546		$	960,220		$	809		$	961,029

Prior definition:
	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023									Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Actual			Impact of Foreign Exchange			Constant Currency			Actual			Impact of Foreign Exchange			Constant Currency
Total revenues	$	310,641		$	(5,723)		$	304,918		$	1,228,413		$	(7,664)		$	1,220,749
Subscriptions revenues	$	272,468		$	(5,107)		$	267,361		$	1,080,307		$	(8,095)		$	1,072,212

Comparison of total revenues and subscription revenues growth rates to total revenues and subscription revenues constant currency growth rates under the current and prior definitions:
Current definition:
	Three Months Ended						% Change				Year Ended						% Change
	December 31,						2022 to 2023				December 31,						2022 to 2023
	2023			2022			%		Constant Currency %		2023			2022			%		Constant Currency %
Total revenues	$	310,641		$	286,948		8.3%		7.3%		$	1,228,413		$	1,099,082		11.8%		11.9%
Subscriptions revenues	$	272,468		$	251,489		8.3%		7.4%		$	1,080,307		$	960,220		12.5%		12.5%

Prior definition:
	Three Months Ended						% Change				Year Ended						% Change
	December 31,						2022 to 2023				December 31,						2022 to 2023
	2023			2022			%		Constant Currency %		2023			2022			%		Constant Currency %
Total revenues	$	310,641		$	286,948		8.3%		6.3%		$	1,228,413		$	1,099,082		11.8%		11.1%
Subscriptions revenues	$	272,468		$	251,489		8.3%		6.3%		$	1,080,307		$	960,220		12.5%		11.7%

Explanation of Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures

Constant currency

Constant currency and constant currency growth rates are non-GAAP financial measures that present our results of operations excluding the estimated effects of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. A significant amount of our operations is conducted in foreign currencies. As a result, the comparability of the financial results reported in U.S. dollars is affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We use constant currency and constant currency growth rates to evaluate the underlying performance of the business, and we believe it is helpful for investors to present operating results on a comparable basis period over period to evaluate its underlying performance.

During the fourth quarter of 2023, we changed our definitions of constant currency and constant currency growth rates. In reporting period‑over‑period results, we calculate the effects of foreign currency fluctuations and constant currency information by translating current period results on a transactional basis to our reporting currency using prior period average foreign currency exchange rates in which the transactions occurred. Our prior definition of constant currency calculated the effects of foreign currency fluctuations and constant currency information by translating current period results of our subsidiaries from their functional currencies to our reporting currency by using prior period average foreign currency exchange rates in reporting period‑over‑period results.

We made this modification in order to better align with how we manage the business, to better reflect our performance during a reporting period, and to make the effects of foreign currency fluctuations and constant currency information more easily comparable on a period‑over‑period basis.

Recurring revenues

Recurring revenues are the basis for our other revenue-related key business metrics. We believe this measure is useful in evaluating our ability to consistently retain and grow our revenues from accounts with revenues in the prior period (“existing accounts”).

Recurring revenues are subscriptions revenues that recur monthly, quarterly, or annually with specific or automatic renewal clauses and professional services revenues in which the underlying contract is based on a fixed fee and contains automatic annual renewal provisions.

Annualized recurring revenues (“ARR”)

ARR is a key business metric that we believe is useful in evaluating the scale and growth of our business as well as to assist in the evaluation of underlying trends in our business. Furthermore, we believe ARR, considered in connection with our last twelve‑month recurring revenues dollar‑based net retention rate, is a leading indicator of revenue growth.

ARR is defined as the sum of the annualized value of our portfolio of contracts that produce recurring revenues as of the last day of the reporting period, and the annualized value of the last three months of recognized revenues for our contractually recurring consumption‑based software subscriptions with consumption measurement durations of less than one year, calculated using the spot foreign currency exchange rates. We believe that the last three months of recognized revenues, on an annualized basis, for our recurring software subscriptions with consumption measurement period durations of less than one year is a reasonable estimate of the annual revenues, given our consistently high retention rate and stability of usage under such subscriptions.

Constant currency ARR growth rate is the growth rate of ARR measured on a constant currency basis. Constant currency ARR growth rate from business performance excludes the ARR onboarding of our platform acquisitions and includes the impact from the ARR onboarding of programmatic acquisitions, which generally are immaterial, individually and in the aggregate. We believe these ARR growth rates are important metrics indicating the scale and growth of our business.

Last twelve‑month recurring revenues dollar‑based net retention rate

Last twelve‑month recurring revenues dollar‑based net retention rate is a key business metric that we believe is useful in evaluating our ability to consistently retain and grow our recurring revenues.

Last twelve‑month recurring revenues dollar‑based net retention rate is calculated, using the average exchange rates for the prior period, as follows: the recurring revenues for the current period, including any growth or reductions from existing accounts, but excluding recurring revenues from any new accounts added during the current period, divided by the total recurring revenues from all accounts during the prior period. A period is defined as any trailing twelve months. Related to our platform acquisitions, recurring revenues into new accounts will be captured as existing accounts starting with the second anniversary of the acquisition when such data conforms to the calculation methodology. This may cause variability in the comparison.

Adjusted operating income inclusive of stock-based compensation expense (“Adjusted OI w/SBC”)

Adjusted OI w/SBC is a non-GAAP financial measure and is used to measure the operational strength and performance of our business, as well as to assist in the evaluation of underlying trends in our business.

Adjusted OI w/SBC is our primary performance measure, which excludes certain expenses and charges, including the non-cash amortization expense resulting from the acquisition of intangible assets, as we believe these may not be indicative of the Company’s core business operating results. We intentionally include stock-based compensation expense in this measure as we believe it better captures the economic costs of our business.

Management uses this non-GAAP financial measure to understand and compare operating results across accounting periods, for internal budgeting and forecasting purposes, to evaluate financial performance, and in our comparison of our financial results to those of other companies. It is also a significant performance measure in certain of our executive incentive compensation programs.

Adjusted OI w/SBC is defined as operating income adjusted for the following: amortization of purchased intangibles, expense (income) relating to deferred compensation plan liabilities, acquisition expenses, and realignment expenses (income), for the respective periods.

Adjusted OI w/SBC margin is calculated by dividing Adjusted OI w/SBC by total revenues.

Adjusted operating income

Adjusted operating income is a non-GAAP financial measure that we believe is useful to investors in making comparisons to other companies, although this measure may not be directly comparable to similar measures used by other companies.

Adjusted operating income is defined as operating income adjusted for the following: amortization of purchased intangibles, expense (income) relating to deferred compensation plan liabilities, acquisition expenses, realignment expenses (income), and stock‑based compensation expense, for the respective periods.

Adjusted net income and Adjusted EPS

Adjusted net income and Adjusted EPS are non-GAAP financial measures presenting the earnings generated by our ongoing operations that we believe is useful to investors in making meaningful comparisons to other companies, although these measures may not be directly comparable to similar measures used by other companies, and period-over-period comparisons.

Adjusted net income is defined as net income adjusted for the following: amortization of purchased intangibles, stock‑based compensation expense, expense (income) relating to deferred compensation plan liabilities, acquisition expenses, realignment expenses (income), other non‑operating (income) expense, net, the tax effect of the above adjustments to net income, and (income) loss from investments accounted for using the equity method, net of tax, for the respective periods. The income tax effect of non‑GAAP adjustments was determined using the applicable rates in the taxing jurisdictions in which income or expense occurred, and represent both current and deferred income tax expense or benefit based on the nature of the non‑GAAP adjustments, including the tax effects of non‑cash stock‑based compensation expense.

Adjusted EPS is calculated as Adjusted net income, less net income attributable to participating securities, plus interest expense, net of tax, attributable to the convertible senior notes using the if‑converted method, if applicable, (numerator) divided by Adjusted weighted average shares, diluted (denominator). Adjusted weighted average shares, diluted is calculated by adding incremental shares related to the dilutive effect of convertible senior notes using the if‑converted method, if applicable, to weighted average shares, diluted.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is our liquidity measure in the context of conversion of Adjusted EBITDA to cash flow from operations (i.e., the ratio of GAAP cash flow from operations to Adjusted EBITDA). We believe this non-GAAP financial measure provides a meaningful measure of liquidity and a useful basis for assessing our ability to repay debt, make strategic acquisitions and investments, and return capital to investors.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as cash flow from operations adjusted for the following: cash interest, cash taxes, cash deferred compensation plan distributions, cash acquisition expenses, changes in operating assets and liabilities, and other cash items (such as those related to our interest rate swap). From time to time, we may exclude from Adjusted EBITDA the impact of certain cash receipts or payments that affect period-to-period comparability.

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The Bentley Systems Registered (B) Stock at the time of publication of the news with a raise of +0,41 % to 48,40EUR on Tradegate stock exchange (26. Februar 2024, 22:26 Uhr).