TD Ameritrade Reports Second Quarter Fiscal 2020 Results

TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation (Nasdaq: AMTD) has released results for the second quarter of fiscal 2020.

Financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 include the following:⁽²⁾

• Record net new client assets of $45 billion, split 58 percent retail and 42 percent institutional, an annualized growth rate of 13 percent
• Record gross new funded retail accounts of 608,000
• Record daily average revenue trades, DARTs, of 2.1 million
• Total client assets of $1.2 trillion
• Net revenues of $1.5 billion
• Pre-tax GAAP income of $599 million, or 40 percent of net revenues
• $0.82 in GAAP earnings per diluted share, on net income of $446 million
• $0.86 in Non-GAAP earnings per diluted share⁽¹⁾

Steve Boyle, interim president and chief executive officer, commented, “Net new client assets, or NNA, were a record $45 billion, a 13 percent annualized growth rate, split 58 percent retail and 42 percent institutional. Retail NNA this quarter surpassed any fiscal year total retail has delivered in our firm’s history. Inflows were robust as new and existing clients brought over new funds to capitalize on various trading opportunities when market concerns started to dominate the news cycle. New funded accounts were particularly strong at 608,000 in the quarter, up 249 percent from last year, and up 230 percent from last quarter. In the month of March alone, new and existing retail clients opened 426,000 funded accounts. Client retention was strong, with attrition levels normalizing after peaking in December as expected. Institutional NNA also remained strong primarily due to resiliency from existing independent registered investment advisors (RIAs), as advisors tend to pause efforts to break away or change custodians amid bear market volatility. Given current market conditions, we expect positive firmwide NNA trends to continue into the third quarter, though likely not to the same degree as the exceptional engagement levels this quarter.”

Boyle added, “There is no question that these are unprecedented times. We are not unique in our need to carefully balance the health and safety of our employees, the directives of public health officials and local governments, and the needs of our clients and business amid record market volatility. I am, however, extremely proud of the way we have executed given these challenging circumstances. We successfully navigated incredible market conditions with second quarter DARTs up 144 percent versus last year and March DARTs up 236 percent year over year. At the height of the volatility, we regularly averaged more than 3 million DARTs, including an astounding 3.7 million DARTs on March 25. This is exceptional, considering it took our firm 40 years to reach 1 million DARTs, another 4.5 years to achieve 2 million, and just 10 days more to hit 3 million. Trading remains strong in April, averaging 3 million DARTs through April 20. In addition, we saw clients turn to mobile trading during this highly volatile time with mobile DARTs of 690,000 in the quarter and one day in March topping 1 million mobile DARTs for the first time.”

Boyle continued, “It goes without saying that an environment such as this has resulted in heightened client engagement. As we’ve seen before in times of market uncertainty, clients increasingly turned to our educational resources. Education usage set a new all-time record in each month of the quarter, with March seeing more than three times the number of users compared to March 2019. The TD Ameritrade Network also had historical viewership this quarter, up 90 percent from last year as investors sought consistent coverage and context on market conditions. With our digital-first service model, clients also increasingly made use of enhanced online self-service options, including new features like mobile co-browsing, a simplified account transfer process, and increased mobile check deposit limits, to efficiently meet their needs. While record volumes resulted in longer than normal hold times in our service queues, client trades were processed as usual, and our platforms remained available for clients. We were able to deliver this level of service in the midst of a herculean effort to transition our entire workforce to a work-from-home program. A task force comprised of experts from our risk, technology, health and safety, human resources, marketing and communications, and retail and institutional teams worked around the clock to deliver the capabilities required to facilitate this transition. Within the span of 10 days, we moved from 15 percent to nearly 100 percent of our employees working from home – without any disruption to client service, and fully compliant with regulatory expectations. This would not have been possible without the investments we’ve made in technology and organizational speed over the last few years. We are adjusting quickly to our new normal, and our employees have responded with a willingness to support one another and embrace flexibility despite the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic impacting every aspect of our lives. In recognition of these challenges, we awarded special $1,000 stipends to every employee at the director level and below, to address the residual impacts of working from home. We are leveraging a number of communication channels to keep everyone informed of the latest developments and how they impact our work at TD Ameritrade.”

Boyle concluded, “We remain committed to the proposed transaction with Schwab and are fully engaged in planning for the integration. While our top priority at the moment is managing our company through the challenges presented by the pandemic, teams remain focused on the most critical work needed for deal close, which we expect will happen in the second half of 2020.”

Interim chief financial officer Jon Peterson commented, “Despite the industry move to zero commission pricing on equities and ETFs last October, results were strong for the quarter driven by unprecedented client engagement with record trading levels and client cash rising to $209 billion, up 43 percent year over year. As of April 20, client cash is holding steady at $209 billion. We expect this increase in client cash levels to help boost future earnings power in more favorable interest rate environments. Expenses increased sequentially due to extreme volumes, as well as some notable items. Notable items in the quarter included $27 million of mark-to-market benefits impacting other revenue, and $16 million of employment expense, primarily related to the final impacts of the CEO transition, as well as the special stipends noted above, and $8 million of deal-related costs impacting professional services.”

Peterson added, “Even with the Federal Reserve’s decision to lower rates in mid-March and the global pandemic impact, we are maintaining our full-year fiscal 2020 guidance ranges for all metrics, except operating expense. A plausible revenue scenario using the forward curve as of late March and DARTs of 1.7 million for the remainder of the year results in full-year revenue above our original midpoint scenario, reflecting the diversity of our revenue streams. Due to higher client engagement and notable items, we are updating our full-year fiscal 2020 GAAP operating expense guidance slightly to a range of $3.0 billion to $3.1 billion. Further, our capital and liquidity remain strong.”

Peterson concluded, “As we have demonstrated in the past, we will navigate the low interest rate environment and market uncertainty, delivering value to our clients and shareholders while taking care of our employees.”

$0 commission applies to online U.S. exchange-listed stocks, ETFs, and option trades. $0.65 per options contract fee applies to options trades, with no exercise or assignment fees. A $6.95 commission applies to online trades of over-the-counter (OTC) stocks which includes stocks not listed on a U.S. exchange.

Capital Management

The company paid $168 million in cash dividends during its second fiscal quarter, or $0.31 per share.

The company has declared a $0.31 per share quarterly cash dividend, payable on May 20, 2020 to all holders of record of common stock as of May 6, 2020.

More information about TD Ameritrade’s upcoming corporate events is available via the company’s Calendar which is located on the "Investor Relations" page of www.amtd.com.

Interested parties should visit or subscribe to newsfeeds at www.amtd.com for the most up-to-date information on corporate financial reports, press releases, SEC filings and events. The company also communicates this information via Twitter, @TDAmeritradePR. Website links, corporate titles and telephone numbers provided in this release, although correct when published, may change in the future.

^{Source: TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation}

About TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation

TD Ameritrade provides investing services and education to approximately 12 million client accounts totaling approximately $1.2 trillion in assets, and custodial services to more than 7,000 registered investment advisors. We are a leader in U.S. retail trading, executing approximately 2 million daily average revenue trades per day for our clients, nearly one-third of which come from mobile devices. We have a proud history of innovation, dating back to our start in 1975, and today our team of nearly 10,000-strong is committed to carrying it forward. Together, we are leveraging the latest in cutting edge technologies and one-on-one client care to transform lives, and investing, for the better. Learn more by visiting TD Ameritrade’s newsroom at www.amtd.com, or read our stories at Fresh Accounts.

Brokerage services provided by TD Ameritrade, Inc., member FINRA (www.FINRA.org) / SIPC (www.SIPC.org)

Safe Harbor

This document contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. We intend these forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions of the federal securities laws. These statements reflect only our current expectations and are not guarantees of future performance or results. There are risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause our actual results or performance to differ materially from those contained in our forward-looking statements. Among the risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause our actual results or performance to differ materially from those contained in our forward-looking statements are risks related to the pending acquisition of TD Ameritrade by Schwab as disclosed under Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2019, including, among others: the risk that anticipated benefits and cost savings from the transaction may not be realized fully or at all or may take longer to realize than expected; the risk that the parties will be unable to successfully implement their integration strategies; the possible failure of the parties to satisfy the closing conditions in the merger agreement (including stockholder and regulatory approvals) in a timely manner or at all; disruptions to the parties’ businesses as a result of the announcement and pendency of the transaction; and the risk that failure to complete the transaction for any reason could negatively impact our stock price and our future business and financial results. We are also subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating to the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus and the resulting market volatility and related disruption to local, regional and global economic activity, including actual and potential adverse impacts on our business, clients, workforce, operating results and financial condition, as well as other risks, uncertainties and assumptions disclosed under Part I, Item 1A , Risk Factors in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, including, among others, economic, social and political conditions and other securities industry risks; interest rate risks; liquidity risks; client and counterparty credit risks; our ability to introduce new products and services and update or enhance existing products and services to remain competitive; clearing function risks; systemic risk; aggressive competition; information system risks, network security risks; investment advisory services risks; merger and acquisition risks; external service provider risks; employee misconduct risks; LIBOR phase-out risks; new laws, rules, regulations and regulatory guidance affecting our business; net capital requirements; extensive regulation and regulatory uncertainties; and litigation, investigations and proceedings involving our business, as well as the risk that our risk management practices may leave us exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risks.

Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they were made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise such statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except to the extent required by the federal securities laws.

¹See attached reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

² Please see the Glossary of Terms, located in the “Investor relations” section of www.amtd.com under the “Earnings” heading for more information on how these metrics are calculated.

Brokerage services provided by TD Ameritrade, Inc., member FINRA (www.FINRA.org) / SIPC (www.SIPC.org).

Advisory services are provided by TD Ameritrade Investment Management, LLC (“TD Ameritrade Investment Management”), a registered investment advisor. Brokerage services provided by TD Ameritrade, Inc. TD Ameritrade Investment Management provides discretionary advisory services for a fee. Risks applicable to any portfolio are those associated with its underlying securities. For more information, please see the Disclosure Brochure (Form ADV Part 2A) http://www.tdameritrade.com/forms/TDA4855.pdf

TD Ameritrade Network is brought to you by TD Ameritrade Media Productions Company, a wholly-owned subsidiary of TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation. TD Ameritrade Media Productions Company is not a financial adviser, registered investment advisor, or broker-dealer.

TD AMERITRADE HOLDING CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
In millions, except per share amounts
(Unaudited)
		Quarter Ended										Six Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2020			Dec. 31, 2019				Mar. 31, 2019			Mar. 31, 2020				Mar. 31, 2019
Revenues:
Asset-based revenues:
Bank deposit account fees		$	444		$	454			$	430		$	899			$	858
Net interest revenue			332			359				362			690				737
Investment product fees			144			145				137			290				280
Total asset-based revenues			920			958				929			1,879				1,875
Transaction-based revenues:
Transaction fees and commissions			481			305				487			785				1,024
Other revenues			79			28				35			108				68
Net revenues			1,480			1,291				1,451			2,772				2,967
Operating expenses:
Employee compensation and benefits			377			331				340			707				657
Clearing and execution costs			75			50				53			125				102
Communications			38			38				38			76				80
Occupancy and equipment costs			65			65				65			131				133
Depreciation and amortization			43			42				36			84				71
Amortization of acquired intangible assets			30			30				31			60				62
Professional services			69			97				74			167				147
Advertising			87			80				74			168				132
Other			65			37				35			102				81
Total operating expenses			849			770				746			1,620				1,465
Operating income			631			521				705			1,152				1,502
Other expense (income):
Interest on borrowings			31			32				37			63				70
Other expense (income), net			1			(2	)			-			(1	)			(14	)
Total other expense, net			32			30				37			62				56
Pre-tax income			599			491				668			1,090				1,446
Provision for income taxes			153			112				169			266				343
Net income		$	446		$	379			$	499		$	824			$	1,103
Earnings per share - basic		$	0.82		$	0.70			$	0.89		$	1.52			$	1.97
Earnings per share - diluted		$	0.82		$	0.70			$	0.89		$	1.52			$	1.96
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic			541			541				560			541				561
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted			543			543				562			543				563
Dividends declared per share		$	0.31		$	0.31			$	0.30		$	0.62			$	0.60

TD AMERITRADE HOLDING CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
In millions
(Unaudited)
		Mar. 31, 2020			Sept. 30, 2019
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	3,729		$	2,852
Segregated cash and investments			19,501			8,684
Broker/dealer receivables			1,526			2,439
Client receivables, net			16,608			20,618
Investments available-for-sale, at fair value			1,796			1,668
Goodwill and intangible assets			5,371			5,431
Other			2,474			2,094
Total assets		$	51,005		$	43,786
Liabilities and stockholders' equity:
Liabilities:
Broker/dealer payables		$	1,946		$	3,308
Client payables			33,257			27,067
Long-term debt and other borrowings			4,944			3,594
Other			1,705			1,117
Total liabilities			41,852			35,086
Stockholders' equity			9,153			8,700
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity		$	51,005		$	43,786

TD AMERITRADE HOLDING CORPORATION
SELECTED OPERATING DATA
(Unaudited)
		Quarter Ended						Six Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2020		Dec. 31, 2019		Mar. 31, 2019		Mar. 31, 2020		Mar. 31, 2019
Key Metrics:
Net new assets (in billions)		$45.4		$28.7		$19.6		$74.1		$51.5
Net new asset growth rate (annualized)		13%		9%		7%		11%		8%
Average client trades per day		2,101,804		1,028,239		860,359		1,560,727		894,378
Profitability Metrics:
Operating margin		42.6%		40.4%		48.6%		41.6%		50.6%
Pre-tax margin		40.5%		38.0%		46.0%		39.3%		48.7%
Return on average stockholders' equity (annualized)		19.9%		17.4%		23.7%		18.6%		26.6%
Net profit margin		30.1%		29.4%		34.4%		29.7%		37.2%
EBITDA(1) as a percentage of net revenues		47.5%		46.1%		53.2%		46.8%		55.6%
Liquidity Metrics:
Interest on borrowings (in millions)		$31		$32		$37		$63		$70
Interest coverage ratio (EBITDA(1)/interest on borrowings)		22.7		18.6		20.9		20.6		23.6
Cash and cash equivalents (in billions)		$3.7		$2.6		$2.7		$3.7		$2.7
Liquid assets(1) (in billions)		$3.7		$2.8		$2.6		$3.7		$2.6
Transaction-Based Revenue Metrics:
Total trades (in millions)		130.3		64.8		52.5		195.1		110.0
Average commissions per trade		$2.00		$2.61		$7.01		$2.21		$7.05
Trading days		62.0		63.0		61.0		125.0		123.0
Order routing revenue (in millions)		$220		$135		$119		$355		$248
Spread-Based Asset Metrics:
Average bank deposit account balances (in billions)		$126.3		$115.9		$114.7		$121.1		$114.5
Average interest-earning assets (in billions)		36.8		35.9		31.0		36.3		30.5
Average spread-based balances (in billions)		$163.1		$151.8		$145.7		$157.4		$145.0
Bank deposit account fee revenue (in millions)		$444		$454		$430		$899		$858
Net interest revenue (in millions)		332		359		362		690		737
Spread-based revenue (in millions)		$776		$813		$792		$1,589		$1,595
Avg. annualized yield - bank deposit account fees		1.39%		1.53%		1.50%		1.46%		1.48%
Avg. annualized yield - interest-earning assets		3.56%		3.91%		4.66%		3.74%		4.78%
Net interest margin (NIM)		1.88%		2.10%		2.17%		1.99%		2.18%
(1) See attached reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.
NOTE: See Glossary of Terms on the Company's website at www.amtd.com for definitions of the above metrics.

TD AMERITRADE HOLDING CORPORATION
SELECTED OPERATING DATA
(Unaudited)
		Quarter Ended						Six Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2020		Dec. 31, 2019		Mar. 31, 2019		Mar. 31, 2020		Mar. 31, 2019
Client Account and Client Asset Metrics:
Funded accounts (beginning of period)		12,109,000		11,971,000		11,630,000		11,971,000		11,514,000
Funded accounts (end of period)		12,671,000		12,109,000		11,763,000		12,671,000		11,763,000
Percentage change during period		5%		1%		1%		6%		2%
Client assets (beginning of period, in billions)		$1,430.2		$1,327.7		$1,161.6		$1,327.7		$1,297.5
Client assets (end of period, in billions)		$1,231.8		$1,430.2		$1,297.1		$1,231.8		$1,297.1
Percentage change during period		(14%)		8%		12%		(7%)		(0%)
Net Interest Revenue:
Segregated cash:
Average balance (in billions)		$9.3		$8.5		$5.8		$8.9		$4.3
Average annualized yield		1.22%		1.77%		2.26%		1.49%		2.18%
Interest revenue (in millions)		$29		$39		$33		$67		$48
Client margin balances:
Average balance (in billions)		$20.4		$20.4		$19.4		$20.4		$20.8
Average annualized yield		4.18%		4.37%		5.28%		4.28%		5.19%
Interest revenue (in millions)		$216		$228		$257		$444		$545
Securities borrowing/lending:
Average securities borrowing balance (in billions)		$0.7		$1.8		$0.9		$1.2		$0.8
Average securities lending balance (in billions)		$2.5		$2.7		$2.3		$2.6		$2.5
Net interest revenue - securities borrowing/lending (in millions)		$67		$76		$49		$143		$103
Other cash and interest-earning investments:
Average balance (in billions)		$6.4		$5.2		$4.9		$5.8		$4.6
Average annualized yield		1.31%		1.64%		2.03%		1.46%		1.94%
Interest revenue - net (in millions)		$21		$22		$25		$43		$45
Client credit balances:
Average balance (in billions)		$23.9		$20.8		$19.2		$22.3		$19.3
Average annualized cost		0.02%		0.11%		0.05%		0.06%		0.04%
Interest expense (in millions)		($1)		($6)		($2)		($7)		($4)
Average interest-earning assets (in billions)		$36.8		$35.9		$31.0		$36.3		$30.5
Average annualized yield		3.56%		3.91%		4.66%		3.74%		4.78%
Net interest revenue (in millions)		$332		$359		$362		$690		$737
Investment Product Fee Revenue:
Fee-based investment balances:
Average balance (in billions)		$176.8		$179.5		$273.7		$178.8		$268.6
Average annualized yield		0.32%		0.32%		0.20%		0.32%		0.21%
Investment product fee revenue (in millions)		$144		$145		$137		$290		$280
NOTE: See Glossary of Terms on the Company's website at www.amtd.com for definitions of the above metrics.

TD AMERITRADE HOLDING CORPORATION
RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
Dollars in millions, except per share amounts
(Unaudited)
		Quarter Ended																								Six Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2020								Dec. 31, 2019								Mar. 31, 2019								Mar. 31, 2020								Mar. 31, 2019
Non-GAAP Net Income and Non-GAAP Diluted EPS (1)		Amount				Diluted EPS				Amount				Diluted EPS				Amount				Diluted EPS				Amount				Diluted EPS				Amount				Diluted EPS
Net income and diluted EPS - (GAAP)		$	446			$	0.82			$	379			$	0.70			$	499			$	0.89			$	824			$	1.52			$	1,103			$	1.96
Non-GAAP adjustments:
Amortization of acquired intangible assets			30				0.06				30				0.06				31				0.06				60				0.11				62				0.11
Income tax effect of above adjustments			(8	)			(0.02	)			(8	)			(0.02	)			(8	)			(0.02	)			(15	)			(0.03	)			(16	)			(0.03	)
Non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted EPS		$	468			$	0.86			$	401			$	0.74			$	522			$	0.93			$	869			$	1.60			$	1,149			$	2.04
		Quarter Ended																								Six Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2020								Dec. 31, 2019								Mar. 31, 2019								Mar. 31, 2020								Mar. 31, 2019
		$				% of Net Rev.				$				% of Net Rev.				$				% of Net Rev.				$				% of Net Rev.				$				% of Net Rev.
EBITDA (2)
Net income - (GAAP)		$	446				30.1	%		$	379				29.4	%		$	499				34.4	%		$	824				29.7	%		$	1,103				37.2	%
Add:
Depreciation and amortization			43				2.9	%			42				3.3	%			36				2.5	%			84				3.0	%			71				2.4	%
Amortization of acquired intangible assets			30				2.0	%			30				2.3	%			31				2.1	%			60				2.2	%			62				2.1	%
Interest on borrowings			31				2.1	%			32				2.5	%			37				2.5	%			63				2.3	%			70				2.4	%
Provision for income taxes			153				10.3	%			112				8.7	%			169				11.6	%			266				9.6	%			343				11.6	%
EBITDA - (non-GAAP)		$	703				47.5	%		$	595				46.1	%		$	772				53.2	%		$	1,297				46.8	%		$	1,649				55.6	%
		As of
		Mar. 31,				Dec. 31,				Sept. 30,				June 30,				Mar. 31,
		2020				2019				2019				2019				2019
Liquid Assets (3)
Cash and cash equivalents - (GAAP)		$	3,729			$	2,551			$	2,852			$	2,953			$	2,674
Less: Non-corporate cash and cash equivalents			(2,019	)			(2,257	)			(2,478	)			(2,004	)			(2,020	)
Corporate cash and cash equivalents			1,710				294				374				949				654
Corporate investments			574				1,636				1,668				1,129				894
Excess regulatory net capital over management targets			1,432				891				859				689				1,061
Liquid assets - (non-GAAP)		$	3,716			$	2,821			$	2,901			$	2,767			$	2,609

Note: The term "GAAP" in the following explanation refers to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.

(1)

Non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share (EPS) are non-GAAP financial measures as defined by SEC Regulation G. We define non-GAAP net income as net income adjusted to remove the after-tax effect of: (1) amortization of acquired intangible assets and (2) acquisition-related expenses associated with the Company's business acquisitions. We consider non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted EPS as important measures of our financial performance because they exclude certain items that may not be indicative of our core operating results and business outlook and may be useful in evaluating the operating performance of the business and facilitating a meaningful comparison of our results in the current period to those in prior and future periods. Amortization of acquired intangible assets is excluded because management does not believe it is indicative of our underlying business performance. Acquisition-related expenses are excluded as these costs are not representative of the costs of running the Company’s on-going business. Non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted EPS should be considered in addition to, rather than as a substitute for, GAAP net income and GAAP diluted EPS.

(2)

EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) is considered a non-GAAP financial measure as defined by SEC Regulation G. We consider EBITDA to be an important measure of our financial performance and of our ability to generate cash flows to service debt, fund capital expenditures and fund other corporate investing and financing activities. EBITDA is used as the denominator in the consolidated leverage ratio calculation for covenant purposes under our senior revolving credit facility. EBITDA eliminates the non-cash effect of tangible asset depreciation and amortization and intangible asset amortization. EBITDA should be considered in addition to, rather than as a substitute for, GAAP pre-tax income, net income and cash flows from operating activities.

(3)

Liquid assets is considered a non-GAAP financial measure as defined by SEC Regulation G. Liquid assets represents available capital, including any capital from our regulated subsidiaries in excess of established management operational targets. We include the excess capital of our regulated subsidiaries in the calculation of liquid assets, rather than simply including regulated subsidiaries' cash and cash equivalents, because capital requirements may limit the amount of cash available for dividend from the regulated subsidiaries to the parent company. Excess capital, as defined below, is generally available for dividend from the regulated subsidiaries to the parent company. Liquid assets should be considered as a supplemental measure of liquidity, rather than as a substitute for GAAP cash and cash equivalents.

Liquid assets may be utilized for general corporate purposes and is defined as the sum of (1) corporate cash and cash equivalents, (2) corporate investments, less securities sold under agreements to repurchase and (3) our regulated subsidiaries' net capital in excess of minimum operational targets established by management. Corporate cash and cash equivalents includes cash and cash equivalents from our investment advisory subsidiaries. Liquid assets is based on more conservative measures of net capital than regulatory requirements because we generally manage to higher levels of net capital at our regulated subsidiaries than the regulatory thresholds require.

 

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