Equity Residential Reports First Quarter 2020 Results

Equity Residential (NYSE: EQR) today reported results for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 and preliminary April 2020 operating statistics as well as provided an update on activities related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

“We are deeply grateful to the entire Equity Residential team and especially our on-site colleagues for their dedication to serving our 150,000 residents during this difficult time,” said Mark J. Parrell, Equity Residential’s President and CEO. “We have instituted new programs to support our hard working colleagues and to assist our residents and communities. Thank you to the Equity Residential team for honoring their commitment to our residents and to our residents for their trust and support. Working together is the best way for all of us to get through this crisis.”

During this pandemic, Equity Residential is:

Supporting Our Residents by:

• Keeping our properties open and operating and our residents safe in compliance with state and local shelter-in-place orders.
• Utilizing technology to allow our property teams to interact remotely with current residents and prospective residents including a touchless new leasing process and a service process designed to limit contact.
• Currently offering resident renewals with no rent increase and providing flexible lease renewal options to help residents weather the crisis.
• Currently creating payment plans, waiving late fees and halting evictions for residents who can document that they have been adversely financially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Connecting our residents with governmental and community resources to help residents secure food, financial assistance and healthcare.

Supporting Our Employees by:

• Providing each employee with extended emergency leave.
• Providing resources to help our employees with their physical, mental and financial wellbeing.
• Providing necessary technology and technical resources to limit in-person contact while continuing essential maintenance activities such as emergency repairs and life/safety.
• Paying special cash bonuses to our on-site service and concierge teams for their hard work and dedication.

Supporting Our Communities by:

• Making donations from the Equity Residential Foundation to local food banks and groups helping the homeless and needy in our markets.
• Providing meals to frontline responders from Equity Residential’s restaurant tenants.

Preliminary April 2020 Statistics

The Company has provided various statistics related to its Residential same store operations for the month ended April 30, 2020 to assist investors in understanding the impact of the pandemic on the Company’s operations. These statistics along with comparative numbers for the first quarter of 2020 are set forth below and in more detail on page 13 of this release:

		April 2020				Q1 2020
New Lease Change			(1.9	%)			(0.8	%)
Renewal Rate Achieved			2.8	%			4.2	%
Physical Occupancy (end of period)			94.7	%			96.0	%

As the Company’s markets became subject to shelter-in-place orders, the Company experienced significant declines in leasing activity. In the third week of March 2020, Traffic, initial leads and applications declined by 50% or more compared to the same period of last year. In April 2020, the Company experienced a recovery in demand with Traffic, initial leads and applications meaningfully improving. Traffic and initial leads are now down approximately 20% and applications are equal relative to the same period last year.

The Company’s Residential collections are strong. During April 2020, Residential Cash Collections were approximately 97% of Residential Cash Collections in March 2020. As of the end of April 2020, current residents at same store properties had cumulative outstanding Residential Delinquency balances of approximately $11.0 million, representing a same store Residential Delinquency percentage of 5.4%. This compares to cumulative outstanding same store Residential Delinquency balances of approximately $5.4 million, representing a same store Residential Delinquency percentage of 2.6% at the end of March 2020, prior to the impact of COVID-19. The Company continues to work with residents to collect these outstanding balances including through the establishment of payment plans.

The Company’s Non-Residential operations, which mostly consist of ground floor retail in our apartment buildings and public garage parking, have historically been approximately 4.0% of annual total revenues. These operations have been more impacted by the pandemic. The Company collected approximately 58%, or $3.6 million, of retail cash collections during the month of April 2020 as compared to the month of March 2020, and the Company collected approximately 67%, or $1.3 million, of public garage parking cash collections during the month of April 2020 as compared to the month of March 2020. As of the end of April 2020 and March 2020, current retail tenants at our same store properties had cumulative outstanding delinquency or deferred payment balances of approximately $5.0 million and $2.3 million, respectively. The Company is working with remaining retail tenants on payment plans.

“Under very challenging circumstances, our business continues to be durable. Our April payment statistics show a financially resilient resident base and while very early, we have not seen anything to suggest that May will be materially different. We are also seeing an improvement in our leasing activity from the very low levels we experienced in late March though most activity remains lower than usual levels. We are working diligently to prepare our people and properties to operate safely and as efficiently as possible once restrictions are lifted in our markets. While the employment losses of late will pressure operations in the near term, we expect our properties and markets to remain desirable to our affluent renter demographic and our operations to return to a more normal state over time,” said Mr. Parrell.

First Quarter 2020 Results

All per share results are reported as available to common shares/units on a diluted basis.

			Quarter Ended March 31,
			2020				2019				$ Change				% Change
	Earnings Per Share (EPS)		$	0.83			$	0.28			$	0.55				196.4	%
	Funds from Operations (FFO) per share		$	0.86			$	0.81			$	0.05				6.2	%
	Normalized FFO per share		$	0.87			$	0.82			$	0.05				6.1	%

Results Per Share

The change in EPS for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 compared to the same period of 2019, is due primarily to higher property sale gains in the first quarter of 2020, the various adjustment items listed on page 23 of this release and the items described below.

The per share change in FFO for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 compared to the same period of 2019, is due primarily to the various adjustment items listed on page 23 of this release and the items described below.

The per share change in Normalized FFO is due primarily to:

		Positive/(Negative) Impact
		First Quarter 2020 vs. First Quarter 2019
Same Store Net Operating Income (NOI)		$	0.03
Lease-Up NOI			0.01
Interest expense			0.02
Other items			(0.01	)
Net		$	0.05

The Company has a glossary of defined terms and related reconciliations of Non-GAAP financial measures on pages 24 through 29 of this release. Reconciliations and definitions of FFO and Normalized FFO are provided on pages 6, 26 and 27 of this release.

Same Store Results

Given the current environment, the Company has provided a breakout of Residential and Non-Residential same store results on page 10 of this release with definitions that can be found on page 28 of this release. The table below reflects same store Residential only results for the first quarter 2020 to first quarter 2019 comparison, which includes 74,919 apartment units. The Company’s Physical Occupancy was 96.5% compared to 96.3% for the first quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively.

		First Quarter 2020 vs. First Quarter 2019
Revenues		2.9%
Expenses		2.3%
NOI		3.2%

Investment Activity

The Company sold two wholly-owned properties in the San Francisco Bay Area and one partially-owned consolidated property in Phoenix during the first quarter of 2020, totaling 897 apartment units, for an aggregate sale price of approximately $370.2 million at a weighted average Disposition Yield of 5.0%, generating an Unlevered IRR of 12.9%. The Company did not acquire any apartment properties during the first quarter of 2020.

Subsequent to quarter-end, the Company sold one wholly-owned property located in the San Francisco Bay Area for approximately $108.0 million at a Disposition Yield of 4.5%.

Capital Markets and Liquidity

On April 30, 2020, the Company closed on a $495.0 million secured loan. The loan has a ten-year term, is interest only, and carries a fixed interest rate of 2.60%. Proceeds from the loan were used to pay off outstanding balances under the Company’s revolving line of credit and commercial paper program. As of May 4, 2020, the Company had the following availability under its unsecured revolving credit facility:

		May 4, 2020 (amounts in thousands)
Unsecured revolving credit facility commitment		$	2,500,000
Commercial paper balance outstanding			(180,000	)
Unsecured revolving credit facility balance outstanding			—
Other restricted amounts			(100,949	)
Unsecured revolving credit facility availability		$	2,219,051

The Company has approximately $25.6 million in debt maturities and $200.0 million in estimated development spend remaining in 2020. With over $2.2 billion in readily available liquidity and very strong credit metrics, the Company is well positioned to meet these and future obligations.

2020 Guidance

Due to the inherent uncertainty surrounding the social and economic disruption resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company believes it is appropriate to withdraw its full-year 2020 guidance, which was included in its January 28, 2020 earnings release. The Company is also suspending issuing guidance in future periods until there is greater certainty surrounding the impact of the ongoing pandemic.

About Equity Residential

Equity Residential is committed to creating communities where people thrive. The Company, a member of the S&P 500, is focused on the acquisition, development and management of rental apartment properties located in urban and high-density suburban communities where today’s renters want to live, work and play. Equity Residential owns or has investments in 306 properties consisting of 79,065 apartment units, located in Boston, New York, Washington, D.C., Seattle, San Francisco, Southern California and Denver. For more information on Equity Residential, please visit our website at www.equityapartments.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

In addition to historical information, this press release contains forward-looking statements and information within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, projections and assumptions made by management. While Equity Residential’s management believes the assumptions underlying its forward-looking statements are reasonable, such information is inherently subject to uncertainties and may involve certain risks, including, without limitation, changes in general market conditions, including the rate of job growth and cost of labor and construction material, the level of new multifamily construction and development, competition and local government regulation. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic, many of which are unknown, including the duration and severity of the pandemic, the extent of the adverse health impact on the general population and on our residents, customers and employees in particular, its impact on the employment rate and the economy and the corresponding impact on our residents’ and tenants’ ability to pay their rent on time or at all, the extent and impact of governmental responses and the impact of operational changes we have implemented and may implement in response to the pandemic. Other risks and uncertainties are described under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and available on our website, www.equityapartments.com. Many of these uncertainties and risks are difficult to predict and beyond management’s control. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, results or events. Equity Residential assumes no obligation to update or supplement forward-looking statements that become untrue because of subsequent events.

A live web cast of the Company’s conference call discussing these results will take place tomorrow, Wednesday, May 6, 2020 at 10:00 a.m. CT. Please visit the Investor section of the Company’s web site at www.equityapartments.com for the link. A replay of the web cast will be available for two weeks at this site.

Equity Residential Consolidated Statements of Operations (Amounts in thousands except per share data) (Unaudited)
		Quarter Ended March 31,
		2020				2019
REVENUES
Rental income		$	682,305			$	662,302
Fee and asset management			24				192
Total revenues			682,329				662,494
EXPENSES
Property and maintenance			115,816				115,070
Real estate taxes and insurance			97,732				91,442
Property management			27,709				26,396
General and administrative			14,518				15,381
Depreciation			212,422				204,215
Total expenses			468,197				452,504
Net gain (loss) on sales of real estate properties			207,977				(21	)
Operating income			422,109				209,969
Interest and other income			1,936				581
Other expenses			(2,533	)			(3,275	)
Interest:
Expense incurred, net			(85,590	)			(94,938	)
Amortization of deferred financing costs			(2,041	)			(2,136	)
Income before income and other taxes, income (loss) from
investments in unconsolidated entities and net gain (loss)
on sales of land parcels			333,881				110,201
Income and other tax (expense) benefit			(53	)			(238	)
Income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated entities			(1,157	)			(707	)
Net gain (loss) on sales of land parcels			—				1
Net income			332,671				109,257
Net (income) loss attributable to Noncontrolling Interests:
Operating Partnership			(11,535	)			(3,919	)
Partially Owned Properties			(12,530	)			(799	)
Net income attributable to controlling interests			308,606				104,539
Preferred distributions			(773	)			(773	)
Net income available to Common Shares		$	307,833			$	103,766
Earnings per share – basic:
Net income available to Common Shares		$	0.83			$	0.28
Weighted average Common Shares outstanding			371,582				369,558
Earnings per share – diluted:
Net income available to Common Shares		$	0.83			$	0.28
Weighted average Common Shares outstanding			386,949				385,184
Distributions declared per Common Share outstanding		$	0.6025			$	0.5675

Equity Residential Consolidated Statements of Funds From Operations and Normalized Funds From Operations (Amounts in thousands except per share data) (Unaudited)
		Quarter Ended March 31,
		2020				2019
Net income		$	332,671			$	109,257
Net (income) loss attributable to Noncontrolling Interests – Partially
Owned Properties			(12,530	)			(799	)
Preferred distributions			(773	)			(773	)
Net income available to Common Shares and Units			319,368				107,685
Adjustments:
Depreciation			212,422				204,215
Depreciation – Non-real estate additions			(1,287	)			(1,182	)
Depreciation – Partially Owned Properties			(856	)			(903	)
Depreciation – Unconsolidated Properties			613				922
Net (gain) loss on sales of real estate properties			(207,977	)			21
Noncontrolling Interests share of gain (loss) on sales
of real estate properties			11,655				—
FFO available to Common Shares and Units			333,938				310,758
Adjustments (see note for additional detail):
Impairment – non-operating assets			—				—
Write-off of pursuit costs			1,627				1,448
Debt extinguishment and preferred share redemption (gains)
losses			—				—
Non-operating asset (gains) losses			441				229
Other miscellaneous items			(918	)			1,575
Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units		$	335,088			$	314,010
FFO		$	334,711			$	311,531
Preferred distributions			(773	)			(773	)
FFO available to Common Shares and Units		$	333,938			$	310,758
FFO per share and Unit – basic		$	0.87			$	0.81
FFO per share and Unit – diluted		$	0.86			$	0.81
Normalized FFO		$	335,861			$	314,783
Preferred distributions			(773	)			(773	)
Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units		$	335,088			$	314,010
Normalized FFO per share and Unit – basic		$	0.87			$	0.82
Normalized FFO per share and Unit – diluted		$	0.87			$	0.82
Weighted average Common Shares and Units outstanding – basic			384,586				382,477
Weighted average Common Shares and Units outstanding – diluted			386,949				385,184

Note: See Adjustments from FFO to Normalized FFO for additional detail regarding the adjustments from FFO to Normalized FFO. See Additional Reconciliations and Definitions of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms for the definitions of non-GAAP financial measures and other terms as well as the reconciliations of EPS to FFO per share and Normalized FFO per share.

Equity Residential Consolidated Balance Sheets (Amounts in thousands except for share amounts) (Unaudited)
		March 31,				December 31,
		2020				2019
ASSETS
Land		$	5,883,065			$	5,936,188
Depreciable property			21,197,547				21,319,101
Projects under development			225,753				181,630
Land held for development			102,602				96,688
Investment in real estate			27,408,967				27,533,607
Accumulated depreciation			(7,420,293	)			(7,276,786	)
Investment in real estate, net			19,988,674				20,256,821
Investments in unconsolidated entities			55,866				52,238
Cash and cash equivalents			82,335				45,753
Restricted deposits			58,435				71,246
Right-of-use assets			507,962				512,774
Other assets			226,046				233,937
Total assets		$	20,919,318			$	21,172,769
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities:
Mortgage notes payable, net		$	1,940,745			$	1,941,610
Notes, net			6,079,308				6,077,513
Line of credit and commercial paper			612,651				1,017,833
Accounts payable and accrued expenses			165,696				94,350
Accrued interest payable			65,925				66,852
Lease liabilities			330,713				331,334
Other liabilities			298,992				346,963
Security deposits			69,074				70,062
Distributions payable			232,186				218,326
Total liabilities			9,795,290				10,164,843
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership			353,342				463,400
Equity:
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred Shares of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value;
100,000,000 shares authorized; 745,600 shares issued and
outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019			37,280				37,280
Common Shares of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value;
1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 372,104,054 shares issued
and outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and 371,670,884
shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019			3,721				3,717
Paid in capital			9,092,441				8,965,577
Retained earnings			1,469,821				1,386,495
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			(72,896	)			(77,563	)
Total shareholders’ equity			10,530,367				10,315,506
Noncontrolling Interests:
Operating Partnership			235,580				227,837
Partially Owned Properties			4,739				1,183
Total Noncontrolling Interests			240,319				229,020
Total equity			10,770,686				10,544,526
Total liabilities and equity		$	20,919,318			$	21,172,769

Equity Residential Portfolio Summary As of March 31, 2020
										% of Stabilized				Average
						Apartment				Budgeted				Rental
Markets/Metro Areas		Properties				Units				NOI				Rate
Los Angeles			72				16,603				18.9	%		$	2,635
Orange County			13				4,028				4.3	%			2,280
San Diego			12				3,385				3.8	%			2,443
Subtotal – Southern California			97				24,016				27.0	%			2,548
San Francisco			49				12,845				19.9	%			3,349
Washington DC			48				15,248				16.3	%			2,475
New York			37				9,606				14.5	%			3,944
Seattle			45				9,296				10.9	%			2,472
Boston			25				6,430				10.0	%			3,184
Denver			5				1,624				1.4	%			2,055
Total			306				79,065				100.0	%		$	2,868

		Properties				Apartment Units
Wholly Owned Properties			289				75,504
Master-Leased Properties – Consolidated			1				162
Partially Owned Properties – Consolidated			16				3,399
			306				79,065
Note: Projects under development are not included in the Portfolio Summary until construction has been completed.

Equity Residential
Portfolio Rollforward Q1 2020 ($ in thousands)
				Properties				Apartment Units				Sales Price				Disposition Yield
		12/31/2019			309				79,962
Dispositions:
Consolidated Rental Properties					(3	)			(897	)		$	(370,200	)			(5.0	%)
		3/31/2020			306				79,065

Equity Residential
First Quarter 2020 vs. First Quarter 2019 Total Same Store Results/Statistics Including 74,919 Same Store Apartment Units $ in thousands (except for Average Rental Rate)
First Quarter 2020																										First Quarter 2019
		Residential				% Change				Non- Residential (1)				% Change				Total				% Change						Residential				Non- Residential (1)				Total
Revenues		$	625,286			2.9%				$	23,091			(1.4%)				$	648,377			2.7%				Revenues		$	607,686			$	23,413			$	631,099
Expenses		$	194,207			2.3%				$	5,730			6.3%				$	199,937			2.4%				Expenses		$	189,836			$	5,388			$	195,224
NOI		$	431,079			3.2%				$	17,361			(3.7%)				$	448,440			2.9%				NOI		$	417,850			$	18,025			$	435,875
Average Rental Rate		$	2,885			2.7%																				Average Rental Rate		$	2,809
Physical Occupancy			96.5	%		0.2%																				Physical Occupancy			96.3	%
Turnover			9.7	%		(0.4%)																				Turnover			10.1	%

First Quarter 2020 vs. Fourth Quarter 2019 Total Same Store Results/Statistics Including 77,869 Same Store Apartment Units $ in thousands (except for Average Rental Rate)
First Quarter 2020																										Fourth Quarter 2019
		Residential				% Change				Non- Residential (1)				% Change				Total				% Change						Residential				Non- Residential (1)				Total
Revenues		$	646,410			0.4%				$	23,503			(1.4%)				$	669,913			0.3%				Revenues		$	643,767			$	23,835			$	667,602
Expenses		$	201,020			5.2%				$	5,802			4.1%				$	206,822			5.2%				Expenses		$	191,114			$	5,576			$	196,690
NOI		$	445,390			(1.6%)				$	17,701			(3.1%)				$	463,091			(1.7%)				NOI		$	452,653			$	18,259			$	470,912
Average Rental Rate		$	2,871			0.0%																				Average Rental Rate		$	2,871
Physical Occupancy			96.4	%		0.3%																				Physical Occupancy			96.1	%
Turnover			9.8	%		(0.9%)																				Turnover			10.7	%
Note: See Additional Reconciliations and Definitions of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms for reconciliations from operating income.

(1)

Non-Residential – Consists of revenues and expenses from retail and public parking garage operations. Non-Residential same store revenues declined 1.4% in Q1 2020 as compared to Q1 2019 primarily due to elevated parking income and lease termination settlement fees in the comparable period.

Equity Residential First Quarter 2020 vs. First Quarter 2019 Same Store Residential Results/Statistics by Market
																						Increase (Decrease) from Prior Year's Quarter
Markets/Metro Areas		Apartment Units				Q1 2020 % of Actual NOI				Q1 2020 Average Rental Rate				Q1 2020 Weighted Average Physical Occupancy %				Q1 2020 Turnover				Revenues				Expenses				NOI				Average Rental Rate				Physical Occupancy				Turnover
Los Angeles			15,968				19.6	%		$	2,633				96.0	%			11.3	%			2.1	%			1.3	%			2.4	%			2.2	%			(0.2	%)			(0.3	%)
Orange County			4,028				4.7	%			2,280				96.8	%			9.0	%			3.4	%			0.6	%			4.3	%			2.8	%			0.5	%			(1.5	%)
San Diego			3,385				4.1	%			2,443				96.8	%			12.0	%			3.5	%			2.4	%			3.9	%			2.8	%			0.7	%			(0.1	%)
Subtotal – Southern California			23,381				28.4	%			2,544				96.2	%			11.0	%			2.5	%			1.3	%			2.9	%			2.4	%			0.0	%			(0.5	%)
San Francisco			12,321				20.8	%			3,353				96.8	%			9.6	%			3.1	%			3.9	%			2.8	%			2.9	%			0.2	%			(0.1	%)
Washington DC			14,228				16.3	%			2,485				96.3	%			8.4	%			2.6	%			1.5	%			3.1	%			2.8	%			(0.2	%)			0.0	%
New York			9,475				13.8	%			3,947				96.7	%			7.2	%			2.1	%			3.9	%			0.7	%			1.8	%			0.3	%			(0.8	%)
Seattle			8,442				10.3	%			2,470				97.2	%			11.2	%			5.4	%			2.3	%			6.7	%			4.4	%			0.9	%			(1.7	%)
Boston			6,346				9.6	%			3,181				95.8	%			9.1	%			3.3	%			(0.7	%)			5.0	%			3.2	%			(0.1	%)			0.0	%
Denver			726				0.8	%			2,122				96.2	%			12.1	%			(0.1	%)			2.8	%			(1.1	%)			0.3	%			(0.5	%)			(0.6	%)
Total			74,919				100.0	%		$	2,885				96.5	%			9.7	%			2.9	%			2.3	%			3.2	%			2.7	%			0.2	%			(0.4	%)
Note: The above table reflects Residential same store results only, which historically account for approximately 96.0% of total revenues.

Equity Residential First Quarter 2020 vs. Fourth Quarter 2019 Same Store Residential Results/Statistics by Market
																						Increase (Decrease) from Prior Quarter
Markets/Metro Areas		Apartment Units				Q1 2020 % of Actual NOI				Q1 2020 Average Rental Rate				Q1 2020 Weighted Average Physical Occupancy %				Q1 2020 Turnover				Revenues				Expenses				NOI				Average Rental Rate				Physical Occupancy				Turnover
Los Angeles			16,603				19.6	%		$	2,635				95.9	%			11.3	%			(0.1	%)			3.5	%			(1.6	%)			(0.1	%)			0.0	%			(0.8	%)
Orange County			4,028				4.6	%			2,280				96.8	%			9.0	%			0.5	%			5.9	%			(1.1	%)			0.2	%			0.2	%			(1.4	%)
San Diego			3,385				4.0	%			2,443				96.8	%			12.0	%			0.5	%			4.9	%			(1.0	%)			0.0	%			0.4	%			(0.9	%)
Subtotal – Southern California			24,016				28.2	%			2,548				96.2	%			11.0	%			0.1	%			4.0	%			(1.4	%)			(0.1	%)			0.1	%			(0.9	%)
San Francisco			12,845				20.9	%			3,349				96.7	%			9.8	%			1.1	%			5.7	%			(0.3	%)			(0.4	%)			1.4	%			(2.4	%)
Washington DC			14,816				16.4	%			2,474				96.3	%			8.5	%			0.1	%			3.7	%			(1.5	%)			0.2	%			(0.1	%)			(1.1	%)
New York			9,606				13.6	%			3,944				96.7	%			7.2	%			0.3	%			7.7	%			(5.0	%)			0.1	%			0.3	%			(0.1	%)
Seattle			8,616				10.1	%			2,470				97.2	%			11.3	%			1.3	%			4.2	%			0.3	%			0.5	%			0.8	%			0.2	%
Boston			6,346				9.3	%			3,181				95.8	%			9.1	%			(0.3	%)			4.0	%			(2.0	%)			(0.1	%)			(0.3	%)			(0.3	%)
Denver			1,624				1.5	%			2,055				95.5	%			14.4	%			1.1	%			10.4	%			(2.3	%)			(0.2	%)			1.0	%			(1.2	%)
Total			77,869				100.0	%		$	2,871				96.4	%			9.8	%			0.4	%			5.2	%			(1.6	%)			0.0	%			0.3	%			(0.9	%)
Note: The above table reflects Residential same store results only, which historically account for approximately 96.0% of total revenues.

Equity Residential Same Store Residential Lease Pricing and Payment Statistics For 74,919 Same Store Apartment Units
		New Lease Change (1)												Renewal Rate Achieved (1)												Physical Occupancy at
Markets/Metro Areas		April 2020 (2)				Q1 2020				Q1 2019				April 2020 (2)				Q1 2020				Q1 2019				April 30, 2020				March 31, 2020
Los Angeles (3)			(3.4	%)			(0.7	%)			0.5	%			2.2	%			4.2	%			5.4	%			94.1	%			95.2	%
Orange County			(2.4	%)			(0.7	%)			(0.8	%)			3.0	%			4.9	%			5.7	%			95.7	%			96.3	%
San Diego			(1.5	%)			(1.6	%)			(1.4	%)			2.2	%			5.0	%			5.2	%			95.9	%			96.4	%
Subtotal – Southern California			(2.9	%)			(0.9	%)			0.0	%			2.4	%			4.4	%			5.4	%			94.6	%			95.5	%
San Francisco			(2.1	%)			(2.3	%)			1.4	%			1.7	%			3.4	%			4.9	%			94.4	%			96.2	%
Washington DC			(1.3	%)			(1.0	%)			(2.7	%)			2.9	%			4.2	%			4.5	%			95.5	%			96.4	%
New York			(2.0	%)			(1.0	%)			(1.5	%)			2.9	%			3.4	%			4.1	%			94.7	%			96.3	%
Seattle			3.7	%			4.7	%			(1.9	%)			3.9	%			6.4	%			4.8	%			95.2	%			96.6	%
Boston			(4.3	%)			(2.6	%)			(2.7	%)			4.5	%			4.7	%			5.1	%			93.9	%			95.4	%
Denver			(0.6	%)			0.0	%			0.0	%			3.0	%			3.7	%			2.4	%			91.9	%			94.8	%
Total			(1.9	%)			(0.8	%)			(0.8	%)			2.8	%			4.2	%			4.8	%			94.7	%			96.0	%

		At month-end
		April 2020			March 2020
Residential Delinquency balances (4)		$11.0M			$5.4M
Residential Delinquency percentages (4)		5.4%			2.6%

(1)		See Additional Reconciliations and Definitions of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms for definitions.
(2)		Reflects preliminary results for the month of April 2020. The Company believes that providing New Lease Change and Renewal Rate Achieved data is helpful in understanding longer term market trends but cautions that data for shorter time periods has limitations as it may reflect increased volatility. When comparing same store Residential leases with similar twelve-month to twelve-month terms, the change (without concessions or discounts) was (0.8%), 0.2% and 0.6% for April 2020, Q1 2020 and Q1 2019, respectively.
(3)		The Company’s 2020 New Lease Change in Los Angeles was negatively impacted by temporary governmental restrictions put in place in connection with the wildfire emergency. These restrictions affected the Company’s ability to offer premium short-term leases in this market.
(4)		Residential Delinquency – Balances reflect the cumulative outstanding amounts owed to the Company by current residents as of the end of the reporting period relating to the Company’s Residential business. Percentages reflect the balances owed as a percentage of total Residential rental income for the corresponding month.

Equity Residential
First Quarter 2020 vs. First Quarter 2019 Total Same Store Operating Expenses Including 74,919 Same Store Apartment Units $ in thousands
		Actual Q1 2020				Actual Q1 2019				$ Change (1)				% Change				% of Actual Q1 2020 Operating Expenses
Real estate taxes		$	86,274			$	82,699			$	3,575				4.3	%			43.1	%
On-site payroll			42,125				41,736				389				0.9	%			21.1	%
Utilities			27,225				26,558				667				2.5	%			13.6	%
Repairs and maintenance			22,918				23,832				(914	)			(3.8	%)			11.5	%
Insurance			6,143				5,225				918				17.6	%			3.1	%
Leasing and advertising			2,297				2,524				(227	)			(9.0	%)			1.1	%
Other on-site operating expenses			12,955				12,650				305				2.4	%			6.5	%
Total Same Store Operating Expenses (2) (includes Residential and Non-Residential)		$	199,937			$	195,224			$	4,713				2.4	%			100.0	%

(1)		The quarter over quarter changes are due primarily to:
		Real estate taxes – Increase in line with expectations. Continued real estate tax growth affected most markets, particularly New York, where the continued burn-off of 421-a tax abatement benefits drove the increase.
		On-site payroll – Increase slightly below expectations due in part to faster than anticipated progress in transition to enhanced operating platform.
		Utilities – Increase generally in line with expectations for the year.
		Repairs and maintenance – Decrease primarily driven by lower snow removal and weather-related expense in the Northeast during the current period and elevated weather-related expense in California during the comparable period.
		Insurance – Increase due to higher premiums on property insurance renewal due to challenging conditions in the insurance market.
		Leasing and advertising – Decrease greater than expectations due to lower than anticipated online advertising spend during the period.
(2)		See Additional Reconciliations and Definitions of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms for definitions.

Equity Residential
Debt Summary as of March 31, 2020 ($ in thousands)
		Debt Balances (1)				% of Total				Weighted Average Rates (1)				Weighted Average Maturities (years)
Secured		$	1,940,745				22.5	%			3.73	%			6.3
Unsecured			6,691,959				77.5	%			3.79	%			9.6
Total		$	8,632,704				100.0	%			3.77	%			8.9
Fixed Rate Debt:
Secured – Conventional		$	1,573,336				18.2	%			4.10	%			4.0
Unsecured – Public			6,079,308				70.4	%			4.05	%			10.6
Fixed Rate Debt			7,652,644				88.6	%			4.06	%			9.2
Floating Rate Debt:
Secured – Conventional			7,188				0.1	%			3.93	%			2.3
Secured – Tax Exempt			360,221				4.2	%			2.11	%			15.7
Unsecured – Revolving Credit Facility			—				—				2.24	%			4.6
Unsecured – Commercial Paper Program (2)			612,651				7.1	%			1.95	%			—
Floating Rate Debt			980,060				11.4	%			2.02	%			6.0
Total		$	8,632,704				100.0	%			3.77	%			8.9

(1)		See Additional Reconciliations and Definitions of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms for additional details.
(2)		At March 31, 2020, the weighted average maturity of commercial paper outstanding was 12 days. The weighted average amount outstanding for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 was approximately $850.8 million.
Note:		The Company capitalized interest of approximately $1.8 million and $1.2 million during the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Equity Residential
Debt Maturity Schedule as of March 31, 2020 ($ in thousands)
Year		Fixed Rate				Floating Rate				Total				% of Total				Weighted Average Coupons on Fixed Rate Debt (1)				Weighted Average Coupons on Total Debt (1)
2020		$	25,600			$	613,000		(2)	$	638,600				7.3	%			4.64	%			2.31	%
2021			926,404				—				926,404				10.6	%			4.64	%			4.64	%
2022			264,185				7,730				271,915				3.1	%			3.25	%			3.23	%
2023			1,325,588				3,500				1,329,088				15.2	%			3.74	%			3.74	%
2024			—				6,100				6,100				0.1	%		N/A					4.15	%
2025			450,000				8,200				458,200				5.3	%			3.38	%			3.39	%
2026			592,025				9,000				601,025				6.9	%			3.58	%			3.59	%
2027			400,000				9,800				409,800				4.7	%			3.25	%			3.27	%
2028			900,000				42,380				942,380				10.8	%			3.79	%			3.80	%
2029			888,120				11,500				899,620				10.3	%			3.30	%			3.31	%
2030+			1,950,850				288,135				2,238,985				25.7	%			3.81	%			3.64	%
Subtotal			7,722,772				999,345				8,722,117				100.0	%			3.75	%			3.60	%
Deferred Financing Costs and Unamortized (Discount)			(70,128	)			(19,285	)			(89,413	)		N/A				N/A				N/A
Total		$	7,652,644			$	980,060			$	8,632,704				100.0	%			3.75	%			3.60	%

(1)		See Additional Reconciliations and Definitions of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms for additional details.
(2)		Represents principal outstanding on the Company’s commercial paper program.

Equity Residential
Selected Unsecured Public Debt Covenants
		March 31,			December 31,
		2020			2019
Debt to Adjusted Total Assets (not to exceed 60%)		32.5%			33.8%
Secured Debt to Adjusted Total Assets (not to exceed 40%)		8.2%			8.2%
Consolidated Income Available for Debt Service to
Maximum Annual Service Charges
(must be at least 1.5 to 1)		5.09			5.07
Total Unencumbered Assets to Unsecured Debt
(must be at least 125%)		408.3%			386.1%

Note: These selected covenants represent the most restrictive financial covenants relating to ERP Operating Limited Partnership's ("ERPOP") outstanding public debt securities. Equity Residential is the general partner of ERPOP.

Selected Credit Ratios
		March 31,				December 31,
		2020				2019
Total debt to Normalized EBITDAre		4.91x				5.18x
Net debt to Normalized EBITDAre		4.86x				5.14x
Unencumbered NOI as a % of total NOI		87.2%				87.1%

Note: See Normalized EBITDAre Reconciliations for detail.

Equity Residential
Capital Structure as of March 31, 2020 (Amounts in thousands except for share/unit and per share amounts)
Secured Debt										$	1,940,745				22.5	%
Unsecured Debt											6,691,959				77.5	%
Total Debt											8,632,704				100.0	%			26.6	%
Common Shares (includes Restricted Shares)			372,104,054				96.4	%
Units (includes OP Units and Restricted Units)			13,932,433				3.6	%
Total Shares and Units			386,036,487				100.0	%
Common Share Price at March 31, 2020		$	61.71
											23,822,312				99.8	%
Perpetual Preferred Equity (see below)											37,280				0.2	%
Total Equity											23,859,592				100.0	%			73.4	%
Total Market Capitalization										$	32,492,296								100.0	%

Perpetual Preferred Equity as of March 31, 2020 (Amounts in thousands except for share and per share amounts)
Series		Call Date		Outstanding Shares				Liquidation Value				Annual Dividend Per Share				Annual Dividend Amount
Preferred Shares:
8.29% Series K		12/10/26			745,600			$	37,280			$	4.145			$	3,091

Equity Residential Common Share and Unit Weighted Average Amounts Outstanding
		Q1 2020				Q1 2019
Weighted Average Amounts Outstanding for Net Income Purposes:
Common Shares - basic			371,582,086				369,557,650
Shares issuable from assumed conversion/vesting of:
- OP Units			13,003,900				12,919,717
- long-term compensation shares/units			2,363,095				2,706,811
Total Common Shares and Units - diluted			386,949,081				385,184,178
Weighted Average Amounts Outstanding for FFO and Normalized FFO Purposes:
Common Shares - basic			371,582,086				369,557,650
OP Units - basic			13,003,900				12,919,717
Total Common Shares and OP Units - basic			384,585,986				382,477,367
Shares issuable from assumed conversion/vesting of:
- long-term compensation shares/units			2,363,095				2,706,811
Total Common Shares and Units - diluted			386,949,081				385,184,178
Period Ending Amounts Outstanding:
Common Shares (includes Restricted Shares)			372,104,054				370,462,401
Units (includes OP Units and Restricted Units)			13,932,433				13,852,371
Total Shares and Units			386,036,487				384,314,772

Equity Residential Development and Lease-Up Projects as of March 31, 2020 (Amounts in thousands except for project and apartment unit amounts)
				No. of				Total Budgeted				Total Book				Total Book Value Not												Estimated/Actual (A)
Projects		Location		Apartment Units				Capital Cost				Value to Date				Placed in Service				Total Debt				Percentage Completed				Initial Occupancy				Completion Date		Stabilization Date		Percentage Leased				Percentage Occupied
Projects Under Development - Wholly Owned:
Alcott Apartments (fka West End Tower) (B)		Boston, MA			470			$	409,749			$	166,599			$	166,599			$	—			40%				Q2 2021				Q3 2021		Q1 2023			—				—
The Edge (fka 4885 Edgemoor Lane) (C)		Bethesda, MD			154				75,271				16,271				16,271				—			13%				Q3 2021				Q3 2021		Q3 2022			—				—
Projects Under Development - Wholly Owned					624				485,020				182,870				182,870				—
Projects Under Development - Partially Owned:
Aero Apartments (D)		Alameda, CA			200				117,794				42,883				42,883				7,188			25%				Q4 2020				Q2 2021		Q2 2022			—				—
Projects Under Development - Partially Owned					200				117,794				42,883				42,883				7,188
Projects Under Development					824				602,814				225,753				225,753				7,188
Projects Completed Not Stabilized (E):
Lofts at Kendall Square II (fka 249 Third Street)		Cambridge, MA			84				49,447				47,593				—				—							Q3 2019				Q3 2019		Q2 2020		93%				93%
Chloe on Madison (fka 1401 E. Madison)		Seattle, WA			137				65,341				63,840				—				—							Q3 2019				Q3 2019		Q2 2020		99%				99%
Projects Completed Not Stabilized					221				114,788				111,433				—				—
Total Development Projects					1,045			$	717,602			$	337,186			$	225,753			$	7,188
Land Held for Development				N/A				N/A				$	102,602			$	102,602			$	—
NOI CONTRIBUTION FROM DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS																								Total Budgeted Capital Cost				Q1 2020 NOI
Projects Under Development																								$	602,814			$	—
Projects Completed Not Stabilized																									114,788				1,137
Total Development NOI Contribution																								$	717,602			$	1,137

(A)		Estimated dates for projects under development currently remain unchanged from the Company’s fourth quarter 2019 Earnings Release. The Company will reevaluate these dates as the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic becomes clearer.
(B)		Alcott Apartments – Work at this project was suspended effective March 17, 2020 due to the city of Boston issuing a temporary construction moratorium as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The city will review this policy at regular intervals but it is unclear at this time when construction will be allowed to proceed.
(C)		The Edge – The land under this project is subject to a long-term ground lease. This project is adjacent to an existing apartment property owned by the Company.
(D)		Aero Apartments – This development project is owned 90% by the Company and 10% by a third party partner in a joint venture consolidated by the Company. Construction is being partially funded with a construction loan that is non-recourse to the Company. The joint venture partner has funded $4.6 million for its allocated share of the project equity and serves as the developer of the project.
(E)		Properties included here are substantially complete. However, they may still require additional exterior and interior work for all apartment units to be available for leasing. Both of these properties are wholly owned by the Company.

Equity Residential Capital Expenditures to Real Estate For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2020 (Amounts in thousands except for apartment unit and per apartment unit amounts)
			Same Store Properties				Non-Same Store Properties/Other				Total				Same Store Avg. Per Apartment Unit
Total Apartment Units				74,919				4,146				79,065
Building Improvements			$	16,224			$	529			$	16,753			$	217
Renovation Expenditures (1)				13,357				13				13,370				178
Replacements				8,076				143				8,219				108
Capital Expenditures to Real Estate (2)			$	37,657			$	685			$	38,342			$	503

(1)		Renovation Expenditures on 613 same store apartment units for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 approximated $21,790 per apartment unit renovated.
(2)		See Additional Reconciliations and Definitions of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms for additional details.

Equity Residential Normalized EBITDAre Reconciliations (Amounts in thousands)
		Trailing Twelve Months								2020				2019
		March 31, 2020				December 31, 2019				Q1				Q4				Q3				Q2				Q1
Net income		$	1,233,122			$	1,009,708			$	332,671			$	301,306			$	277,846			$	321,299			$	109,257
Interest expense incurred, net			380,728				390,076				85,590				100,300				85,936				108,902				94,938
Amortization of deferred financing costs			11,575				11,670				2,041				3,006				2,881				3,647				2,136
Amortization of above/below market lease intangibles			4,391				4,392				1,097				1,098				1,098				1,098				1,098
Depreciation			839,290				831,083				212,422				214,882				211,478				200,508				204,215
Income and other tax expense (benefit)			(2,466	)			(2,281	)			53				(3,030	)			265				246				238
EBITDA			2,466,640				2,244,648				633,874				617,562				579,504				635,700				411,882
Net (gain) loss on sales of real estate properties			(655,635	)			(447,637	)			(207,977	)			(178,237	)			(130,565	)			(138,856	)			21
Net (gain) loss on sales of unconsolidated entities - operating assets			(69,522	)			(69,522	)			—				—				—				(69,522	)			—
EBITDAre			1,741,483				1,727,489				425,897				439,325				448,939				427,322				411,903
Write-off of pursuit costs (other expenses)			5,708				5,529				1,627				1,431				1,111				1,539				1,448
(Income) loss from investments in unconsolidated entities - operations			4,027				3,577				1,157				961				1,152				757				707
Net (gain) loss on sales of land parcels			(2,043	)			(2,044	)			—				33				(1,899	)			(177	)			(1	)
Insurance/litigation settlement or reserve income (interest and other income)			(1,966	)			(384	)			(1,582	)			(1	)			—				(383	)			—
Insurance/litigation/environmental settlement or reserve expense (other expenses)			7,111				7,198				163				5,229				18				1,701				250
Advocacy contributions (other expenses)			771				270				501				65				5				200				—
Data analytics project (other expenses)			2,824				4,199				—				—				1,416				1,408				1,375
Other			441				391				—				(158	)			682				(83	)			(50	)
Normalized EBITDAre		$	1,758,356			$	1,746,225			$	427,763			$	446,885			$	451,424			$	432,284			$	415,632
Balance Sheet Items:		March 31, 2020				December 31, 2019
Total debt		$	8,632,704			$	9,036,956
Cash and cash equivalents			(82,335	)			(45,753	)
Mortgage principal reserves/sinking funds			(10,755	)			(9,689	)
Net debt		$	8,539,614			$	8,981,514

Note:

EBITDA, EBITDAre and Normalized EBITDAre do not include any adjustments for the Company’s share of partially owned unconsolidated entities or the minority partner’s share of partially owned consolidated entities due to the immaterial size of the Company’s partially owned portfolio.

Equity Residential Adjustments from FFO to Normalized FFO (Amounts in thousands)
		Quarter Ended March 31,
		2020				2019				Variance
Impairment – non-operating assets		$	—			$	—			$	—
Write-off of pursuit costs (other expenses)			1,627				1,448				179
Debt extinguishment and preferred share redemption (gains) losses			—				—				—
Net (gain) loss on sales of land parcels			—				(1	)			1
(Income) loss from investments in unconsolidated entities ─ non-operating assets			441				230				211
Non-operating asset (gains) losses			441				229				212
Insurance/litigation settlement or reserve income (interest and other income)			(1,582	)			—				(1,582	)
Insurance/litigation/environmental settlement or reserve expense (other expenses)			163				250				(87	)
Advocacy contributions (other expenses)			501				—				501
Data analytics project (other expenses)			—				1,375				(1,375	)
Other			—				(50	)			50
Other miscellaneous items			(918	)			1,575				(2,493	)
Adjustments from FFO to Normalized FFO		$	1,150			$	3,252			$	(2,102	)

Note: See Additional Reconciliations and Definitions of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms for the definitions of non-GAAP financial measures and other terms as well as the reconciliations of EPS to FFO per share and Normalized FFO per share.

Equity Residential Additional Reconciliations and Definitions of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms (Amounts in thousands except per share and per apartment unit data) (All per share data is diluted)

This Earnings Release and Supplemental Financial Information includes certain non-GAAP financial measures and other terms that management believes are helpful in understanding our business. The definitions and calculations of these non-GAAP financial measures and other terms may differ from the definitions and methodologies used by other real estate investment trusts (“REIT”) and, accordingly, may not be comparable. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as an alternative to net earnings or any other measurement of performance computed in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) or as an alternative to cash flows from specific operating, investing or financing activities. Furthermore, these non-GAAP financial measures are not intended to be a measure of cash flow or liquidity.

Acquisition Capitalization Rate or Cap Rate – NOI that the Company anticipates receiving in the next 12 months (or the year two or three stabilized NOI for properties that are in lease-up at acquisition) less an estimate of property management costs/management fees allocated to the project (generally ranging from 2.0% to 4.0% of revenues depending on the size and income streams of the asset) and less an estimate for in-the-unit replacement capital expenditures (generally ranging from $100-$450 per apartment unit depending on the age and condition of the asset) divided by the gross purchase price of the asset. The weighted average Acquisition Cap Rate for acquired properties is weighted based on the projected NOI streams and the relative purchase price for each respective property.

Average Rental Rate – Total residential rental revenues reflected on a straight-line basis in accordance with GAAP divided by the weighted average occupied apartment units for the reporting period presented.

Capital Expenditures to Real Estate:

Building Improvements – Includes roof replacement, paving, building mechanical equipment systems, exterior siding and painting, major landscaping, furniture, fixtures and equipment for amenities and common areas, vehicles and office and maintenance equipment.

Renovation Expenditures – Apartment unit renovation costs (primarily kitchens and baths) designed to reposition these units for higher rental levels in their respective markets.

Replacements – Includes appliances, mechanical equipment, fixtures and flooring (including hardwood and carpeting).

Debt Balances:

Commercial Paper Program – The Company may borrow up to a maximum of $1.0 billion under its commercial paper program subject to market conditions. The notes bear interest at various floating rates.

Revolving Credit Facility – The Company’s $2.5 billion unsecured revolving credit facility matures November 1, 2024. The interest rate on advances under the facility will generally be LIBOR plus a spread (currently 0.775%), or based on bids received from the lending group, and an annual facility fee (currently 0.125%). Both the spread and the facility fee are dependent on the Company’s senior unsecured credit rating. In addition, the Company limits its utilization of the facility in order to maintain liquidity to support its $1.0 billion commercial paper program along with certain other obligations. The following table presents the availability on the Company’s unsecured revolving credit facility:

		March 31, 2020
Unsecured revolving credit facility commitment		$	2,500,000
Commercial paper balance outstanding			(613,000	)
Unsecured revolving credit facility balance outstanding			—
Other restricted amounts			(100,949	)
Unsecured revolving credit facility availability		$	1,786,051

Debt Covenant Compliance – Our unsecured debt includes certain financial and operating covenants including, among other things, maintenance of certain financial ratios. These provisions are contained in the indentures applicable to each notes payable or the credit agreement for our line of credit. The Debt Covenant Compliance ratios that are provided show the Company's compliance with certain covenants governing our public unsecured debt. These covenants generally reflect our most restrictive financial covenants. The Company was in compliance with its unsecured debt covenants for all periods presented.

Development Yield – NOI that the Company anticipates receiving in the next 12 months following stabilization less an estimate of property management costs/management fees allocated to the project (generally ranging from 2.0% to 4.0% of revenues depending on the size and income streams of the asset) and less an estimate for in-the-unit replacement capital expenditures (generally ranging from $50-$150 per apartment unit depending on the type of asset) divided by the Total Budgeted Capital Cost of the asset. The weighted average Development Yield for development properties is weighted based on the projected NOI streams and the relative Total Budgeted Capital Cost for each respective property.

Disposition Yield – NOI that the Company anticipates giving up in the next 12 months less an estimate of property management costs/management fees allocated to the project (generally ranging from 2.0% to 4.0% of revenues depending on the size and income streams of the asset) and less an estimate for in-the-unit replacement capital expenditures (generally ranging from $100-$450 per apartment unit depending on the age and condition of the asset) divided by the gross sales price of the asset. The weighted average Disposition Yield for sold properties is weighted based on the projected NOI streams and the relative sales price for each respective property.

Earnings Per Share ("EPS") – Net income per share calculated in accordance with GAAP. Expected EPS is calculated on a basis consistent with actual EPS. Due to the uncertain timing and extent of property dispositions and the resulting gains/losses on sales, actual EPS could differ materially from expected EPS.

EBITDA for Real Estate and Normalized EBITDA for Real Estate:

Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization for Real Estate (“EBITDAre”) – The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“Nareit”) defines EBITDAre (September 2017 White Paper) as net income (computed in accordance with GAAP) before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, and further adjusted for gains and losses from sales of depreciated operating properties, impairment write-downs of depreciated operating properties, impairment write-downs of investments in unconsolidated entities caused by a decrease in value of depreciated operating properties within the joint venture and adjustments to reflect the Company’s share of EBITDAre of investments in unconsolidated entities.

The Company believes that EBITDAre is useful to investors, creditors and rating agencies as a supplemental measure of the Company’s ability to incur and service debt because it is a recognized measure of performance by the real estate industry, and by excluding gains or losses related to sales or impairment of depreciated operating properties, EBITDAre can help compare the Company’s credit strength between periods or as compared to different companies.

Normalized Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization for Real Estate (“Normalized EBITDAre”) – Represents net income (computed in accordance with GAAP) before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, and further adjusted for non-comparable items. Normalized EBITDAre, total debt to Normalized EBITDAre and net debt to Normalized EBITDAre are important metrics in evaluating the credit strength of the Company and its ability to service its debt obligations. The Company believes that Normalized EBITDAre, total debt to Normalized EBITDAre, and net debt to Normalized EBITDAre are useful to investors, creditors and rating agencies because they allow investors to compare the Company’s credit strength to prior reporting periods and to other companies without the effect of items that by their nature are not comparable from period to period and tend to obscure the Company’s actual credit quality.

Economic Gain (Loss) – Economic Gain (Loss) is calculated as the net gain (loss) on sales of real estate properties in accordance with GAAP, excluding accumulated depreciation. The Company generally considers Economic Gain (Loss) to be an appropriate supplemental measure to net gain (loss) on sales of real estate properties in accordance with GAAP because it is one indication of the gross value created by the Company's acquisition, development, renovation, management and ultimate sale of a property and because it helps investors to understand the relationship between the cash proceeds from a sale and the cash invested in the sold property. The following table presents a reconciliation of net gain (loss) on sales of real estate properties in accordance with GAAP to Economic Gain (Loss):

		Quarter Ended March 31, 2020
Net Gain (Loss) on Sales of Real Estate Properties		$	207,977
Accumulated Depreciation Gain			(68,916	)
Economic Gain (Loss)		$	139,061

FFO and Normalized FFO:

Funds From Operations (“FFO”) – Nareit defines FFO (December 2018 White Paper) as net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains or losses from sales and impairment write-downs of depreciable real estate and land when connected to the main business of a REIT, impairment write-downs of investments in entities when the impairment is directly attributable to decreases in the value of depreciable real estate held by the entity and depreciation and amortization related to real estate. Adjustments for partially owned consolidated and unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures are calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis. Expected FFO per share is calculated on a basis consistent with actual FFO per share and is considered an appropriate supplemental measure of expected operating performance when compared to expected EPS.

The Company believes that FFO and FFO available to Common Shares and Units are helpful to investors as supplemental measures of the operating performance of a real estate company, because they are recognized measures of performance by the real estate industry and by excluding gains or losses from sales and impairment write-downs of depreciable real estate and excluding depreciation related to real estate (which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar condition based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates), FFO and FFO available to Common Shares and Units can help compare the operating performance of a company’s real estate between periods or as compared to different companies.

Normalized Funds From Operations ("Normalized FFO") – Normalized FFO begins with FFO and excludes:

• the impact of any expenses relating to non-operating asset impairment;

• pursuit cost write-offs;

• gains and losses from early debt extinguishment and preferred share redemptions;

• gains and losses from non-operating assets; and

• other miscellaneous items.

Expected Normalized FFO per share is calculated on a basis consistent with actual Normalized FFO per share and is considered an appropriate supplemental measure of expected operating performance when compared to expected EPS.

The Company believes that Normalized FFO and Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units are helpful to investors as supplemental measures of the operating performance of a real estate company because they allow investors to compare the Company's operating performance to its performance in prior reporting periods and to the operating performance of other real estate companies without the effect of items that by their nature are not comparable from period to period and tend to obscure the Company's actual operating results.

FFO, FFO available to Common Shares and Units, Normalized FFO and Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units do not represent net income, net income available to Common Shares or net cash flows from operating activities in accordance with GAAP. Therefore, FFO, FFO available to Common Shares and Units, Normalized FFO and Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units should not be exclusively considered as alternatives to net income, net income available to Common Shares or net cash flows from operating activities as determined by GAAP or as a measure of liquidity. The Company's calculation of FFO, FFO available to Common Shares and Units, Normalized FFO and Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units may differ from other real estate companies due to, among other items, variations in cost capitalization policies for capital expenditures and, accordingly, may not be comparable to such other real estate companies.

FFO available to Common Shares and Units and Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units are calculated on a basis consistent with net income available to Common Shares and reflects adjustments to net income for preferred distributions and premiums on redemption of preferred shares in accordance with GAAP. The equity positions of various individuals and entities that contributed their properties to the Operating Partnership in exchange for OP Units are collectively referred to as the "Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership". Subject to certain restrictions, the Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership may exchange their OP Units for Common Shares on a one-for-one basis.

The following table presents reconciliations of EPS to FFO per share and Normalized FFO per share for Consolidated Statements of Funds From Operations and Normalized Funds From Operations.

		Actual				Actual
		Q1 2020				Q1 2019
		Per Share				Per Share
EPS – Diluted		$	0.83			$	0.28
Depreciation expense			0.54				0.53
Net (gain) loss on sales			(0.51	)			—
Impairment – operating assets		—					—
FFO per share – Diluted			0.86				0.81
Impairment – non-operating assets			—				—
Write-off of pursuit costs			0.01				—
Debt extinguishment and preferred share
redemption (gains) losses			—				—
Non-operating asset (gains) losses			—				—
Other miscellaneous items			—				0.01
Normalized FFO per share – Diluted		$	0.87			$	0.82

Lease-Up NOI – Represents NOI for development properties: (i) in various stages of lease-up; and (ii) where lease-up has been completed but the properties were not stabilized (defined as having achieved 90% occupancy for three consecutive months) for all of the current and comparable periods presented.

Net Operating Income (“NOI”) – NOI is the Company’s primary financial measure for evaluating each of its apartment properties. NOI is defined as rental income less direct property operating expenses (including real estate taxes and insurance). The Company believes that NOI is helpful to investors as a supplemental measure of its operating performance because it is a direct measure of the actual operating results of the Company's apartment properties. NOI does not include an allocation of property management expenses either in the current or comparable periods. Rental income for all leases and operating expense for ground leases (for both same store and non-same store properties) are reflected on a straight-line basis in accordance with GAAP for the current and comparable periods.

The following tables present reconciliations of operating income per the consolidated statements of operations to NOI, along with rental income, operating expenses and NOI per the consolidated statements of operations allocated between same store and non-same store/other results (see Same Store Results):

		Quarter Ended March 31,
		2020				2019
Operating income		$	422,109			$	209,969
Adjustments:
Fee and asset management revenue			(24	)			(192	)
Property management			27,709				26,396
General and administrative			14,518				15,381
Depreciation			212,422				204,215
Net (gain) loss on sales of real estate
properties			(207,977	)			21
Total NOI		$	468,757			$	455,790
Rental income:
Same store		$	648,377			$	631,099
Non-same store/other			33,928				31,203
Total rental income			682,305				662,302
Operating expenses:
Same store			199,937				195,224
Non-same store/other			13,611				11,288
Total operating expenses			213,548				206,512
NOI:
Same store			448,440				435,875
Non-same store/other			20,317				19,915
Total NOI		$	468,757			$	455,790

New Lease Change – The change in rent for a lease with a new or transferring resident compared to the rent for the prior lease of the identical apartment unit, regardless of lease term and without concessions or discounts being applied.

Non-Residential – Consists of revenues and expenses from retail and public parking garage operations.

Non-Same Store Properties – For annual comparisons, primarily includes all properties acquired during 2019 and 2020, plus any properties in lease-up and not stabilized as of January 1, 2019.

Physical Occupancy – The weighted average occupied apartment units for the reporting period divided by the average of total apartment units available for rent for the reporting period.

Renewal Rate Achieved – The change in rent for a new lease on an apartment unit where the lease has been renewed as compared to the rent for the prior lease of the identical apartment unit, regardless of lease term.

Residential – Consists of multifamily apartment revenues and expenses.

Residential Cash Collections – Represents the amount of Residential cash collected for all properties from all current and former residents during a specified month.

Residential Delinquency – Balances reflect the cumulative outstanding amounts owed to the Company by current residents as of the end of the reporting period relating to the Company’s Residential business. Percentages reflect the balances owed as a percentage of total Residential rental income for the corresponding month.

Same Store Operating Expenses:

On-site Payroll – Includes payroll and related expenses for on-site personnel including property managers, leasing consultants, and maintenance staff.

Other On-site Operating Expenses – Includes ground lease costs and administrative costs such as office supplies, telephone and data charges and association and business licensing fees.

Repairs and Maintenance – Includes general maintenance costs, apartment unit turnover costs including interior painting, routine landscaping, security, exterminating, fire protection, snow removal, elevator, roof and parking lot repairs and other miscellaneous building repair and maintenance costs.

Utilities – Represents gross expenses prior to any recoveries under the Resident Utility Billing System (“RUBS”). Recoveries are reflected in rental income.

Same Store Properties – For annual comparisons, primarily includes all properties acquired or completed that are stabilized prior to January 1, 2019, less properties subsequently sold. Properties are included in Same Store when they are stabilized for all of the current and comparable periods presented.

% of Stabilized Budgeted NOI – Represents original budgeted 2020 NOI for stabilized properties and projected annual NOI at stabilization (defined as having achieved 90% occupancy for three consecutive months) for properties that are in lease-up.

Total Budgeted Capital Cost – Estimated remaining cost for projects under development and/or developed plus all capitalized costs incurred to date, including land acquisition costs, construction costs, capitalized real estate taxes and insurance, capitalized interest and loan fees, permits, professional fees, allocated development overhead and other regulatory fees, plus any estimates of costs remaining to be funded for all projects, all in accordance with GAAP.

Total Market Capitalization – The aggregate of the market value of the Company’s outstanding common shares, including restricted shares, the market value of the Company’s operating partnership units outstanding, including restricted units (based on the market value of the Company’s common shares) and the outstanding principal balance of debt. The Company believes this is a useful measure of a real estate operating company’s long-term liquidity and balance sheet strength, because it shows an approximate relationship between a company’s total debt and the current total market value of its assets based on the current price at which the Company’s common shares trade. However, because this measure of leverage changes with fluctuations in the Company’s share price, which occur regularly, this measure may change even when the Company’s earnings, interest and debt levels remain stable.

Traffic – Consists of an expression of interest in an apartment by completing an in-person tour, self-guided tour or virtual tour that may result in an application to lease.

Transaction Accretion (Dilution) – Represents the spread between the Acquisition Cap Rate and the Disposition Yield.

Turnover – Total residential move-outs (including inter-property and intra-property transfers) divided by total residential apartment units.

Unencumbered NOI % – Represents NOI generated by consolidated real estate assets unencumbered by outstanding secured debt as a percentage of total NOI generated by all of the Company's consolidated real estate assets.

Unlevered Internal Rate of Return (“IRR”) – The Unlevered IRR on sold properties is the compound annual rate of return calculated by the Company based on the timing and amount of: (i) the gross purchase price of the property plus any direct acquisition costs incurred by the Company; (ii) total revenues earned during the Company’s ownership period; (iii) total direct property operating expenses (including real estate taxes and insurance) incurred during the Company’s ownership period; (iv) capital expenditures incurred during the Company’s ownership period; and (v) the gross sales price of the property net of selling costs.

The calculation of the Unlevered IRR does not include an adjustment for the Company’s property management expense, general and administrative expense or interest expense (including loan assumption costs and other loan-related costs). Therefore, the Unlevered IRR is not a substitute for net income as a measure of our performance. Management believes that the Unlevered IRR achieved during the period a property is owned by the Company is useful because it is one indication of the gross value created by the Company’s acquisition, development, renovation, management and ultimate sale of a property, before the impact of Company overhead. The Unlevered IRR achieved on the properties as cited in this release should not be viewed as an indication of the gross value created with respect to other properties owned by the Company, and the Company does not represent that it will achieve similar Unlevered IRRs upon the disposition of other properties. The weighted average Unlevered IRR for sold properties is weighted based on all cash flows over the investment period for each respective property, including net sales proceeds.

Weighted Average Coupons – Contractual interest rate for each debt instrument weighted by principal balances as of March 31, 2020. In case of debt for which fair value hedges are in place, the rate payable under the corresponding derivatives is used in lieu of the contractual interest rate.

Weighted Average Rates – Interest expense for each debt instrument for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 weighted by its average principal balance for the same period. Interest expense includes amortization of premiums, discounts and other comprehensive income on debt and related derivative instruments. In case of debt for which derivatives are in place, the income or expense recognized under the corresponding derivatives is included in the total interest expense for the period.

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