Soeben NEUEMPFEHLUNG schon 340% im plus - 500 Beiträge pro Seite
eröffnet am 24.08.05 10:19:06 von
neuester Beitrag 01.09.05 13:26:12 von
neuester Beitrag 01.09.05 13:26:12 von
Beiträge: 234
ID: 1.002.213
ID: 1.002.213
Aufrufe heute: 0
Gesamt: 8.077
Gesamt: 8.077
Aktive User: 0
ISIN: US37945V1017 · WKN: A0JMZW
0,0190
USD
+21,79 %
+0,0034 USD
Letzter Kurs 07.09.19 Nasdaq OTC
Werte aus der Branche Dienstleistungen
Wertpapier | Kurs | Perf. % |
---|---|---|
1,0100 | +60,32 | |
26,94 | +21,13 | |
18,280 | +20,42 | |
211,55 | +9,33 | |
2,4600 | +9,09 |
Wertpapier | Kurs | Perf. % |
---|---|---|
1.600,00 | -12,09 | |
29,76 | -16,47 | |
12,000 | -17,24 | |
6,6000 | -21,33 | |
60,05 | -26,77 |
Global Immune Technologies Inc.
Neue Technologien für ein virenfreies Leben!
Neue Technologien für ein virenfreies Leben!
Schrott schau dir mal den Spread an ... der Umsatz ist lächerlich !
Abzocke PUR !
Abzocke PUR !
Da bleib ich aber ganz sicher bei Realtos !
lol 23 % spread !!!!! so schnell kann man 23% machen wenn einer ausm ask kauft
!
Dieser Beitrag wurde vom System automatisch gesperrt. Bei Fragen wenden Sie sich bitte an feedback@wallstreet-online.de
Das ist ja auch ein Gratis Dienst... irgendwie müssen die ja die Kohle machen
Hat jemand irgendwelche Infos zu Fundamentaldaten, die über die vom OBB hinaus gehen?
!
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der war gut Graf
kaufen marsch, marsch
kaufen marsch, marsch
gibt schon erste Kurse - viel glück bei eurem zock
Time Ex Price Change Volume
09:10:12 Q 0.22 +0.09 20,000
09:07:34 Q 0.207 +0.077 25,000
Time Ex Price Change Volume
09:10:12 Q 0.22 +0.09 20,000
09:07:34 Q 0.207 +0.077 25,000
Fliegt weiter
Letzter Kurs 0,28 $
UP´s !!!
zu früh verkauft ?
zu früh verkauft ?
[posting]17.670.445 von cancom am 24.08.05 15:42:04[/posting]schon wieder auf die neider gehört ?
soeben 43.000 Stk gekauft für 0,22
hast ja so recht. aber habe meine 20% gesichert
viel Glück allen anderen
viel Glück allen anderen
[posting]17.670.623 von cancom am 24.08.05 15:50:48[/posting]sicher ist sicher
die party scheint fürs erste beendet zu sein.
letzer kurs 0,24 $
bid 0,211 ask 0,26
letzer kurs 0,24 $
bid 0,211 ask 0,26
plums
sag mal wer bietet denn noch 195 bei den kursen in USA
Time Ex Price Change Volume
11:18:13 Q 0.201 +0.071 14,193
11:16:31 Q 0.22 +0.09 20,000
11:16:28 Q 0.201 +0.071 30,000
11:16:14 Q 0.22 +0.09 3,200
10:29:52 Q 0.24 +0.11 6,800
09:45:36 Q 0.28 +0.15 3,000
09:45:22 Q 0.28 +0.15 10,000
09:38:17 Q 0.24 +0.11 3,000
09:32:08 Q 0.28 +0.15 5,000
09:10:12 Q 0.22 +0.09 20,000
Time Ex Price Change Volume
11:18:13 Q 0.201 +0.071 14,193
11:16:31 Q 0.22 +0.09 20,000
11:16:28 Q 0.201 +0.071 30,000
11:16:14 Q 0.22 +0.09 3,200
10:29:52 Q 0.24 +0.11 6,800
09:45:36 Q 0.28 +0.15 3,000
09:45:22 Q 0.28 +0.15 10,000
09:38:17 Q 0.24 +0.11 3,000
09:32:08 Q 0.28 +0.15 5,000
09:10:12 Q 0.22 +0.09 20,000
Was ist den jetzt los
TH 0,23
TH 0,23
läuft ganz gut für die investierten ask in USA steht bei schlappen 0,32 USD
Time Ex Price Change Volume
12:39:13 Q 0.26 +0.13 5,000
12:38:58 Q 0.27 +0.14 5,000
12:38:40 Q 0.26 +0.13 10,000
12:37:19 Q 0.26 +0.13 5,000
12:36:34 Q 0.25 +0.12 10,000
12:36:15 Q 0.25 +0.12 6,900
12:35:57 Q 0.26 +0.13 5,000
12:35:26 Q 0.26 +0.13 5,000
12:35:23 Q 0.26 +0.13 2,000
12:35:02 Q 0.26 +0.13 10,000
Time Ex Price Change Volume
12:39:13 Q 0.26 +0.13 5,000
12:38:58 Q 0.27 +0.14 5,000
12:38:40 Q 0.26 +0.13 10,000
12:37:19 Q 0.26 +0.13 5,000
12:36:34 Q 0.25 +0.12 10,000
12:36:15 Q 0.25 +0.12 6,900
12:35:57 Q 0.26 +0.13 5,000
12:35:26 Q 0.26 +0.13 5,000
12:35:23 Q 0.26 +0.13 2,000
12:35:02 Q 0.26 +0.13 10,000
"Unser erstes Kursziel sehen wir bei 0,50 EUR."
die hätten doch gleich sagen können,das wir das schon Morgen erreichen.
die hätten doch gleich sagen können,das wir das schon Morgen erreichen.
aber ob das einer hinblättert?
wären dann rd. 26 Cent - wären
wären dann rd. 26 Cent - wären
[posting]17.673.487 von cancom am 24.08.05 18:51:30[/posting]immer schön vorsichtig - das volumen mit rd. 52.000 USD kann auch hochgezockt sein - viel glück
[posting]17.673.551 von pblack am 24.08.05 18:55:40[/posting]die Aktie steigt, aber keiner ist investiert?
wie geht das Morgen weiter?
wie geht das Morgen weiter?
[posting]17.673.573 von cancom am 24.08.05 18:57:41[/posting]keine Ahnung - is mir eigentlich auch egal, da ich den ersten zug verpasst habe und bei den ++++ Zeichen bestimmt nicht mehr aufspringe
good luck
good luck
Bid 0,30 Ask 0,35
Schlusskurs in Amiland 0,33 $
Schlusskurs in Amiland 0,33 $
[posting]17.676.064 von INeedMoney am 24.08.05 22:32:38[/posting]Morgen Eröffnung 0,27€
Diese Woche 1$$$$$$$
hier mal die gewünschten Fundamentaldaten - letzter aufzutreibender Annual Report - Firmenadresse ist leider Fehlanzeige
Das Zaubermittelchen, um das es hier geht ist ganz am Ende des Textes umschrieben. Auch der Kaufpreis für den im Februar diesen Jahres durchgeführten Handel kann man dort einsehen.
Viel Spaß damit..
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20F
[ ] REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) or (g) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
OR
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2004.
----------------------------------------
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
For the transition period from
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 0-30520
SECUREVIEW SYSTEMS INC.
-----------------------------------------------------
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Not Applicable
(Translation of registrant`s name into English)
British Columbia, Canada
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
828 West 7th Ave., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 1C1
(Address of principal executive offices)
---------
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
<PAGE
Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.
NONE
Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.
COMMON SHARES WITHOUT PAR VALUE.
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d)
of the Act.
NONE.
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer`s classes of
capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual
report.
16,195,642 COMMON SHARES (AS AT MARCH 31, 2004)
16,195,642 COMMON SHARES (AS AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2004)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
YES: X . NO: .
Indicate by checkmark which financial statement item the registrant has elected
to follow:
ITEM 17: X . ITEM 18: .
FORM 20-F INDEX
Item No. Page
GLOSSARY 1
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS 5
PART I 6
ITEM 1 - IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND
ADVISERS 6
ITEM 2 - OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE 6
2
<PAGE>
A. Offer Statistics 6
B. Method and Expected Timetable 6
ITEM 3 - KEY INFORMATION 6
A. Selected Financial Information 6 Exchange Rates 7
B. Capitalization and Indebtedness 7
ITEM 4 - INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY 9
A. History and Development of the Company 9
B. Business Overview 10
Cash Resources and Liquidity 12
Stated Business Objectives 12
Principal Products 12
C. Organizational Structure 12 D. Property, Plants and Equipment 12
Office Space 12
Mineral Property 12
ITEM 5 - OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS 12
A. U.S. and Canadian GAAP differences 12
B. The Company 13
ITEM 6 - DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES 14
A. Directors and Senior Management 14
Aggregate Ownership of Securities 15
Other Reporting Issuers 15
Individual Bankruptcies 15
Conflicts of Interest 16
Other Information 16
B. Compensation 16
The Company`s Executive Compensation 16
Compensation of the Company`s Directors 18
Management Contracts 18
C. Board Practices 18
D. Employees 19
E. Share Ownership 19
Directors and Officers 19
Public and Insider Ownership 19
ITEM 7 - MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY
TRANSACTIONS 19
A. Major Shareholders 19
B. Related Party Transactions 20
C. Interests of Experts and Counsel 20
3
<PAGE>
ITEM 8 - FINANCIAL INFORMATION 20
A. Consolidated Statements and other Financial Information 20
B. Significant Changes 20
ITEM 9 - THE OFFERING AND LISTING 20
A. Offer and Listing Details 21
B. Plan of Distribution 21
C. Markets 22
D. Selling Shareholders 22
E. Dilution 22
F. Expenses of the Issue 22
ITEM 10 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 22
A. Share Capital 22
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association 22
Disclosure of Interest of Directors or Officers 22
Shareholdings of Directors 23
Rights, Preferences and Restrictions attaching
to each class of Shares 23
Changing the Rights of Holders of the
Company`s Stock 24
Annual General Meetings and Extraordinary General
Meetings 24
Annual General Meeting 24
Notice 24
Quorum 24
Limitations on the rights to own securities 25
C. Material Contracts 25
D. Exchange Controls 25
E. Taxation 26
F. Dividends and Paying Agents 28
G. Statement by Experts 28
H. Documents on Display 28
I. Subsidiary Information 28
ITEM 11 - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT
MARKET RISK 28
ITEM 12 - DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY
SECURITIES 28
A. Debt Securities 28
B. Warrants and Rights 29
C. Other Securities 29
D. American Depositary Shares 29
PART II 29
4
<PAGE>
ITEM 13 - DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND
DELINQUENCIES 29
ITEM 14 - MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY
HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS 29
ITEM 15 - CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 29
A. Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures 29
B. Change in Internal Controls 29
ITEM 16A - AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT 30
ITEM 16B - CODE OF ETHICS 30
ITEM 16C - PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES 30
A. Audit Fees 30
B. Audit Related Fees 30
C. Tax Fees 31
D. All Other Fees 31
ITEM 17 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31
ITEM 18 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31
ITEM 19 - EXHIBITS 31
(A) Financial Statements 32
(B) Exhibits 32
SIGNATURES 33
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
Secureview Systems Inc. (the "COMPANY") cautions readers that certain
important factors (including, without limitation, those set forth in this Form
20-F) may affect the Company`s actual results and could cause such results to
differ materially from any forward-looking statements that may be deemed to have
been made in this Form 20-F annual report (the "ANNUAL REPORT"), or that are
otherwise made by or on behalf of the Company.
For this purpose any statements contained in this Annual Report that are not
statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, words such as "may," "except,"
believe," anticipate," "intend," "could," estimate" or "continue," or the
negative or other variations of comparable terminology, are intended to identify
forward-looking statements. In this Annual Report, unless otherwise specified,
5
<PAGE>
all monetary amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars. See "KEY INFORMATION -
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA - EXCHANGE RATES" for applicable exchange rates.
PART 1
ITEM 1 - IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
The following is a list of the directors and executive officers of the Company:
* Donald L. Perks President/CEO/Director appointed on August 29, 2003
Confirmed at AGM September 17, 2003
* Cindy Perks -Director elected at AGM September 17, 2003
* Mrs. Anna Marie Cain -Secretary appointed August 29, 2003 Confirmed and
elected Director at AGM September 17, 2003
* Jim Chapmen - Director elected at AGM September 17, 2003
ITEM 2 - OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not Applicable
A. OFFER STATISTICS
This Annual Report does not relate to any offering of the Company`s
shares. Therefore, this section is not applicable to the Company.
B. METHOD AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
This Annual Report does not relate to any offering of the Company`s
shares. Therefore, this section is not applicable to the Company.
ITEM 3 - KEY INFORMATION
A. SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following summarizes certain selected financial information with
respect to the Company and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the
consolidated financial statements of the Company and the Notes thereto; a copy
of which is attached to this Annual Report:
Notes:
Managements` Discussions and Analysis of Financial Conditions and
Results of Operations for comparability of financial results. See also note 13
for reconciliation of differences between United States and Canada financial
results due to differences between United States and Canadian generally accepted
accounting principles.
6
<PAGE>
(1) Net Loss per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of
shares outstanding during the year. Fully diluted loss per share has not been
disclosed as it is anti-dilutive under US GAAP.
EXCHANGE RATES
In this Annual Report, UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS ARE
EXPRESSED IN CANADIAN DOLLARS. Since June 1, 1970, the Government of Canada has
permitted a floating exchange rate to determine the value of the Canadian dollar
against the U.S. dollar. The high and low exchange rates, the average rates
(average of the exchange rates on the last day of each month during the period)
and the end of the period rates for Canadian dollars, expressed in U.S. dollars,
from April 1, 1999 to March 31, 2004, based on the noon buying rate in New York
City for cable transfers payable in Canadian dollars as certified for customs
purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, were as follows:
U.S. Dollars per $1.00 (CDN.)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended March 31, 2004
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2004 2003 2002 2001 2000
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
High .6822 .6618 .6696 .6738 .6891
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Low .6252 .6207 .6367 .6417 .6428
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average .6473 .6409 .6542 .6967 .6643
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Period .6805 .6326 .6367 .6669 .6682
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS
This is an Annual Report, and therefore, this information is not
applicable.
C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS
This is an Annual Report does not relate to any offering of the
Company`s shares. Therefore, this section is not applicable to the Company.
D. RISK FACTORS
The following risk factors are those concerned with the business of the
Company.
LACK OF BUSINESS HISTORY AND PROFITABILITY OF OPERATIONS
The Company is not currently operating profitably and it should be
anticipated that it will operate at a loss at least until such time as a
business prospect is identified and is achieved, if production is, in fact, ever
achieved. The Company has never earned a significant profit.
7
<PAGE>
CURRENCY/EXCHANGE RATE RISK
The Company anticipates most of the revenue to be earned in U.S.
dollars; however, the majority of costs are expected to be incurred and paid in
Canadian dollars. Exchange rate fluctuations could have an adverse effect on the
Company`s financial position.
DEPENDENCE ON KEY MANAGEMENT
The success of the operations and activities of the Company is
dependent to a significant extent on the efforts and abilities of its
management. The loss of services of any of its Management could have a material
adverse effect on the Company. The Company does not maintain key man insurance
on any of its management. The Company does not have any employment or labor
agreements with any personnel or key employees as at the date of the filing of
this Annual Report.
THE COMPANY IS SUBJECT TO GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
The Company`s activities are subject to extensive federal, provincial
and local laws and regulations controlling not only the mining of and
exploration for mineral properties, but also the possible effects of such
activities upon the environment. Permits from a variety of regulatory
authorities are required for many aspects of mine and mill operation and
reclamation (see "ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS" under "ITEM 4 - INFORMATION ON THE
COMPANY - PROPERTY, PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT"). Future legislation and regulations
could cause additional expense, capital expenditures, restrictions and delays in
the development of the Company`s property, the extent of which cannot be
predicted. In the context of environmental permitting, the Company must comply
with known standards, existing laws and regulations which may entail greater or
lesser costs and delays depending on the nature of the activity to be permitted
and how stringently the regulations are implemented by the permitting authority.
While it is possible that the costs and delays associated with the compliance of
such laws, regulations and permits could become such that the Company would not
proceed with the development or operations of a mine, the Company is not aware
of any material environmental constraint affecting it that would preclude the
economic development or operation of the Company`s property.
RISK OF "PENNY STOCK"
The Company`s common shares may be deemed to be "penny stock" as that
term is defined in REGULATION Section "240.3a51-1" of the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Penny stocks are stocks: (a) with a price of
less than U.S. $5.00 per share; (b) that are not traded on a "recognized"
national exchange; (c) whose prices are not quoted on the NASDAQ automated
quotation system (NASDAQ - where listed stocks must still meet requirement (a)
above); or (d) in issuers with net tangible assets of less than U.S. $2,000,000
(if the issuer has been in continuous operation for at least three years) or
8
<PAGE>
U.S. $5,000,000 (if in continuous operation for less than three years), or with
average revenues of less than U.S. $6,000,000 for the last three years.
Section "15(g)" of the United States SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
as amended, and REGULATION Section "240.15g(c)2" of the SEC require broker
dealers dealing in penny stocks to provide potential investors with a document
disclosing the risks of penny stocks and to obtain a manually signed and dated
written receipt of the document before effecting any transaction in a penny
stock for the investor`s account. Potential investors in the Company`s common
shares are urged to obtain and read such disclosure carefully before purchasing
any common shares that are deemed to be "penny stock.".
Moreover, REGULATION Section "240.15g-9" of the SEC requires broker
dealers in penny stocks to approve the account of any investor for transactions
in such stocks before selling any penny stock to that investor.
This procedure requires the broker dealer to: (a) obtain from the investor
information concerning his or her financial situation, investment experience and
investment objectives; (b) reasonably determine, based on that information, that
transactions in penny stocks are suitable for the investor and that the investor
has sufficient knowledge and experience as to be reasonably capable of
evaluating the risks of penny stock transactions; (c) provide the investor with
a written statement setting forth the basis on which the broker dealer made the
determination in (ii) above; and (d) receive a signed and dated copy of such
statement from the investor confirming that it accurately reflects the
investor`s financial situation, investment experience and investment objectives.
Compliance with these requirements may make it more difficult for investors in
the Company`s common shares to resell their common shares to third parties or to
otherwise dispose of them.
ITEM 4 - INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY
INCORPORATION
The Company was incorporated on September 18, 1985, under the laws of
the Province of British Columbia under the name of Canadian Comstock Exploration
Ltd. with an authorized share capital of 20,000,000 shares without par value.
The Company changed its name on June 7, 1995 to American Comstock Exploration
Ltd. in connection with a consolidation of its share capital on a one for four
basis. The company changed its name again on February 4, 1998 to "International
Comstock Exploration Ltd." in connection with a consolidation of its share
capital on a one for five basis. The company changed its name again on October
2, 2001 to "Secureview Systems Inc." in connection with a consolidation of its
share capital on a one for five basis. In addition, the Company increased its
authorized share capital to 100,000,000 shares without par value on October 2,
2001.
CORPORATE INFORMATION
9
<PAGE>
The Company`s business address and executive offices are located at 828West 7th Ave., Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1C1. The Company`s telephone number is (604) 688-6933 and the Company`s fax number is (604) 742-1985. TheCompany`s agent for service in Canada is Devlin Jensen, Barristers & Solicitors,
who are located at Suite 2550, 555 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, British
Columbia, V6B 4N5, and who can be contacted at (604) 684-2550 or via facsimile
at (604) 684-0916.
B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW
From its incorporation in 1985 until 1999, the Company has been engaged
in the business of exploration of natural resource properties. The Company
currently holds a 100% interest in the Hail-Harper Creek property nears
Kamloops, B.C.
In early 1999, in the face of an ongoing recession in the natural
resource sector, the Company initiated a search for other business opportunities
which culminated in May, 1999 the acquisition of the domain name
ProSportsPool.com. In January 2000, the Company entered into an agreement with
Internet Sports Network Inc. to develop and maintain a number of internet based
games and contest. Internet Sports Network eventually developed "Fantasy Free
for All" software and back end support for Nascar, Formula One, Cart series,
Baseball and Hockey contests for ProSportsPool.com
The Company launched the ProSportsool.com website on March 1, 2000 with
"Fantasy Free for All" Formula 1 and NASCAR Contests. The launch of the website
was accompanied by a marketing campaign that included print, billboard, and
internet-banner advertising. In March 21, 2000, the Company engaged Iceberg
Media.com Inc. to provide three music channels - 1Groove.com, 2Kool4Radio.com
and PrimeTicket.net - for the ProSportsPool.com website. The ProSportsPool.com
website added a fantasy baseball contest, and an affiliation with Altavista.com
on March 27, 2000. At the beginning of April 2000, the Company launched its
internet hockey contest and announced its inaugural contest winners in its
auto-racing contests. The Company also announced its has become an authorized
member of the Cnet.com affiliate network and has formed similar affiliations
with Chipshot.com, Wrenchead.com, Quokka.com and America Online.
To increase awareness of the ProSportspool.com website, the Company
participated at the G.I. Joe 200 CART race in Portland, Oregon as well as the
Toronto and Vancouver Indy races by appearing at a booth at the races signing up
contestants and offering prizes to entrants.
On January 15, 2001, due to the closing of Internet Sports Network
Inc., which provides the technical architecture and sports data for the
ProSportsPool.com`s sports contests, the Company was forced to discontinue its
sports-contest site.
As of June 28, 2001, the Company entered into a letter of intent with
Argent Resources Ltd., On-Track Computer Training Ltd., On-Track Computer
International Ltd. and Lute Linux.com Corp. whereby Argent assigned its right to
10
<PAGE>
enter into a share exchange agreement with Lute who has the option to enter into
a share exchange agreement with On-Track and On-Track International. In exchange
for the assignment by Argent to the Company of the share exchange agreement
entered into between Lute and Argent, the Company will issue 3,600,000 share to
Argent and pay to Argent $50,000 to cover legal expenses. Prior to closing this
transaction, the Company will enter into separate share exchange agreements with
each of On-Track, On-Track International and Lute. These share exchange
agreements will result in the Company receiving all of the issued and
outstanding securities of On-Track, On-Track International and Lute in exchange
for common stock of the Company.
As of October 24, 2001, the Company signed a Share Crystallization
Agreement with Lute Linux.com Corp. pursuant to the rights to do so as assigned
to the Company by Argent Resources Ltd. on June 28, 2001. The agreement was
completed under amended terms, which included the issuance of 2,000,000 shares
to Argent instead of 3,600,000 shares and the exchange of Lute share purchase
warrants for Company shares at a deemed value of $0.10 US per share, as to Russ
Rossi (100,000 shares), RRGS Creative Management Corp. (2,400,000 shares) and
Quest Ventures Ltd. (175,000 shares). The Company did not proceed with similar
share purchase agreements with On-Track Computer Training Ltd. and related
company On-Track Computer International Ltd. as originally contemplated due to
market conditions. Lute focused its business development on its "Fedcam," an
inexpensive remote monitoring system that allows subscribers to view their
target locations via secure website. The Fedcam was being tested by the Canadian
government`s construction branch on its Osoyoos, British Columbia border
crossing site into the United States. However, as of March 31, 2003, the Company
ceased funding the Fedcam and the asset was written down to a nominal amount.
As of June 25, 2002, the Company entered into a letter of intent with
Estwind Energy, a private power company incorporated in Estonia, whereby the
Company intended to acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of Estwind
Energy in exchange for 2,731,728 shares of the Company, which was equivalent to
20% of the currently issued and outstanding common shares of the Company. Upon
completion of the share exchange agreement, Estwind Energy was to become a
wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. However, the Company decided against
completing the share exchange agreement as the business of Estwind Energy was
deemed to not be profitable.
As of May 30, 2003, the Company entered into a letter of intent with
P-CE Computers, Inc., a private Nevada corporation, engaged in the business of
developing revolutionary, ergonomic and powerful multimedia-computing
environments (workstations). The Company intended to acquire all of the issued
and outstanding shares of P-CE Computers, Inc. in exchange for 2,500,000 shares
of the Company, which was equivalent to approximately 18% of the currently
issued and outstanding common shares of the Company. However, the Company
decided against completing the share exchange agreement as due diligence
indicated that the business of P-CE Computers, Inc. would not be profitable.
11
<PAGE>
As of September 3, 2003, the Company entered into a letter of intent
with TNR Resources Ltd. ("TNR"), a public British Columbia, Canada company, to
enter into a formal agreement whereby the Company will acquire an option to
purchase a 50% working interest in TNR`s Las Carachas Property in Argentina.
The Company did not pursue the option,
CASH RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
As of March 31, 2004, the Company had approximately $2,580 in cash and
a working capital deficiency of approximately $662,000.
STATED BUSINESS OBJECTIVES
The Company is seeking appropriate business opportunities and as identified will
pursue the acquisition thereof.
PRINCIPAL PRODUCTS
None.
C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
D. PROPERTY, PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT
OFFICE SPACE
As of September 1, 2004, the Company utilizes about 1000 squarefeet of
office space at 828 West 7th Ave., Vancouver, B.C. and pays rent of $2,500 permonth which includes office support.
MINERAL PROPERTY
None.
ITEM 5 - OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
A. U.S. AND CANADIAN GAAP DIFFERENCES
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Canadian
GAAP, which conform in all material respects with those of the US, except as
disclosed in note 13 to the audited financial statements of the Company for
March 31, 2004, 2003 and 2001.
B. THE COMPANY
12
<PAGE>
YEAR ENDED, MARCH 31 2004 COMPARED WITH THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2003
ASSETS, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company`s total assets incressed from $3,755 in 2003 to $159,361 in
2004.
The Company`s overall liabilities increased from $437,545 in 2003 to
$662,700 in 2004.
The Company`s 2004 net working capital deficiency increased to $503,339
from $433,790 in 2003, largely due to the current increase in liabilities as
described above.
RESULTS OF OPERATION
The Company incurred a net loss of $144,549 for the year ended March
31, 2004, compared with a net loss of $122,563 for the year ended March 31, 2003
US GAAP VERSUS CANADIAN GAAP
Under the Canadian GAAP applicable to junior mining exploration
companies, mineral exploration expenditures on prospective properties may be
deferred until such time as it is determined that further exploration is not
warranted, at which time the property costs are written-off. Under US GAAP, all
exploration expenditures must be expensed until an independent feasibility study
has determined that the property is capable of economic commercial production.
Under US GAAP, the Company`s deferred mineral property costs would
therefore currently be nil, with the $1 in costs currently reflected under
Canadian GAAP included in Deficit. There were no property costs incurred or
written off during the 2004 fiscal year, and accordingly the differences between
the allowable US and Canadian GAAP treatments of property costs would result in
no change in net loss under U.S. GAAP from that reported under Canadian GAAP.
YEAR ENDED, MARCH 31 2004 COMPARED WITH THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2003
ASSETS, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company`s total assets increased from $3,755 in 2003 to $159,361 in
2004.
The Company`s overall liabilities increased from $437,545 in 2003 to
$662,700 in 2004, largely as a result of an increased level of debt to companies
of $293,986 and a loan payable in the amount of $125,000.
The Company`s 2004 net working capital deficiency increased to $503,339
from $437,545 in 2003, largely due to the current increase in liabilities as
described above.
13
<PAGE>
RESULTS OF OPERATION
The Company incurred a net loss of $144,549 for the year ended March
31, 2004, compared with a net loss of $122,563 for the year ended March 31,
2003.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company faced the increasing difficulty in trying to raise
new equity financing to support operations. During 2004, the Company did not
raise any funds from equity or debt financing activities and accordingly all
current operations have been funded from the pre-existing reserves of cash
raised in previous fiscal years
The Company has no residual capital commitment in respect to its
discontinued operations and has no current capital commitments.
ITEM 6 - DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT
The names, municipality of residence and principal occupations in which
each of the Directors, Executive Officers and other members of management of the
Company have been engaged during the immediately preceding five years are as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NUMBER OF SHARES OF THE
NAME, MUNICIPALITY OF PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION OR DIRECTOR/ COMPANY BENEFICIALLY OWNED,
RESIDENCE AND POSITIONS, IF EMPLOYMENT DURING THE PAST OFFICER OF THE CONTROLLED OR DIRECTED(1)
------------
ANY, HELD WITH THE COMPANY FIVE YEARS COMPANY SINCE
-------- ------ -----
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
DONALD L. PERKS. RICHMOND, BUSINESSMAN, SELF-EMPLOYED PRESIDENT/DIR. 0
B.C. SINCE AUGUST 29,
PRESIDENT/DIRECTOR 2003
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELF-EMPLOYED BUSINESSPERSON DIRECTOR SINCE 0
CINDY PERKS. SEPT. 17, 2003
VANCOUVER, BC .
DIRECTOR
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ANNA MARIE CAIN
SEC/CFO/DIR SELF-EMPLOYED BUSINESSPERSON DIRECTOR SINCE 0
SEPT. 17, 2003
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
JIM CHAPMAN SELF-EMPLOYED BUSINESSPERSON DIRECTOR SINCE 0
VANCOUVER, B.C. SEPT, 17, 2003
DIRECTOR
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
14
<PAGE>
The directors of the Company are elected by the shareholders at each
annual general meeting of the Company, or, in the event of a vacancy, they are
appointed by the Board of Directors then in office, to serve until the next
annual general meeting of the Company or until their successors are elected and
ratified.
The Company`s executive officers are appointed by the Board of
Directors and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors.
There are no family relationships between any director or officer and
any other director or officer except for Don and Cindy Perks, who are married.
The following are brief profiles of the Directors and Executive
Officers of the Company: Donald L. Perks: President, is an independent
businessman and is a self-employed Business Consultant.
Cindy Perks: Director, received an MBA from Mt. Ellison University and is
self-employed.
Anna Marie Cain: CFO, is self employed.
Jim Chapman: Director, is educated in engineering, and is a self-employed
consultant.
AGGREGATE OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES
There are presently NO common shares of the Company owned by all of the
Directors, Officers and promoters of the Company.
OTHER REPORTING ISSUERS
The following Directors, Officers, promoters or other members of
management of the Company have held a position as a director, officer, promoter
or other member of management of other reporting issuers within years prior to
the date of this Annual Report:
None
INDIVIDUAL BANKRUPTCIES
None of the Directors, Officers, promoters or members of management of
the Company have, within the five years prior to the date of this Annual Report,
been declared bankrupt or made a voluntary assignment in bankruptcy, made a
proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency, or been
subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with
15
<PAGE>
creditors, or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold the
assets of that individual.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
Some of the Directors and Officers of the Company also serve as
directors and/or officers of other companies and may be presented from time to
time with situations or opportunities which give rise to apparent conflicts of
interest which cannot be resolved by arm`s length negotiations but only through
exercise by the Directors and Officers of such judgement as is consistent with
their fiduciary duties to the Company which arise under British Columbia and
Canadian corporate law, especially insofar as taking advantage, directly or
indirectly, of information or opportunities acquired in their capacities as
Directors or Officers of the Company.
All conflicts of interest will be resolved in accordance with the appropriate
business corporation statute. Any transactions with Directors and Officers will
be on terms consistent with industry standards and sound business practices in
accordance with the fiduciary duties of those persons to the Company and,
depending upon the magnitude of the transactions and the absence of any
disinterested board members, may be submitted to the shareholders for their
approval.
OTHER INFORMATION
There are no family relationships between any of the Directors or
Officers of the Company except for Don and Cindy Perks, who are husband and
wife. The approximate percentage of business time that each Director and Officer
will devote to the Company`s business is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME PERCENTAGE OF TIME
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
Don Perks 25%
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cindy Perks 5%
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anna Marie Cain 5%
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Jim Chapman 5%
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
B. COMPENSATION
THE COMPANY`S EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION NONE
The Company`s fiscal year end is the 31st day of March.
Pursuant to Form 41 of the SECURITIES RULES (British Columbia), the
Company is a "small business issuer", which is defined as a company that:
- - had revenues of less than $25,000,000 in its last completed financial year;
- - is not a non-redeemable investment fund or mutual fund;
- - has a public float of less than $25,000,000; and
- - if it is a subsidiary of another company, that other company is also a small
business issuer.
16
<PAGE>
The Company has created three Executive Offices, namely that of
President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary. In this regard the Company`s
named Executive Officers (collectively, the "NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS") are as
follows:
Donald Perks - Mr. Perks was appointed the President of the Company on
August 29, 2003..
Anna Marie Cain - Mrs. Cain was appointed the Chief Financial Officer
and Secretary of the Company on September 17, 2003.
For the purpose of this Annual Report, except as otherwise expressly
provided or unless the context otherwise requires, the following words and
phrases shall have the following meanings:
"EQUITY SECURITY" means securities of a company that carry a residual right to
participate in earnings of that company and, upon liquidation or winding up of
that company, its assets;
"OPTION" means all options, share purchase warrants and rights granted by a
company or any of its subsidiaries (if any) as compensation for services
rendered or otherwise in connection with office or employment;
"LTIP" means a long-term incentive plan, which is any plan providing
compensation intended to serve as incentive for performance to occur over a
period longer than one financial year, whether the performance is measured by
reference to financial performance of the company or an affiliate of the
company, the price for the company`s securities, or any other measure, but does
not include Option or SAR plans or plans for compensation through restricted
shares or restricted share units; and
"SAR" means stock appreciation right, which is a right granted by a company or
any of its subsidiaries (if any) as condensation for services rendered or
otherwise in connection with office or employment to receive a payment of cash
or an issue or transfer of securities based wholly or in part on changes in the
trading price of publicly traded securities.
The following table details the compensation paid to the Company`s
Named Executive Officers during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004:
None
The Company anticipates that compensation will be provided by the
Company during the Company`s next financial year to certain of the Named
Executive Officers of the Company and in conjunction with certain management and
administrative services to be provided to the Company by such Named Executive
Officers or their successors.
17
<PAGE>
LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLANS - AWARDS IN MOST RECENTLY COMPLETED FINANCIAL YEAR
During its most recently completed financial year, and for the two
previously completed financial years, the Company has not awarded or instituted
any LTIPs in favour of its Named Executive Officers.
OPTIONS/SAR GRANTS DURING THE MOST RECENTLY COMPLETED FINANCIAL YEAR
No individual grants of Options to purchase or acquire securities of
the Company or any of its subsidiaries (whether or not in tandem with SARs) or
any freestanding SARs were granted or were in effect and in favour of any of the
Company`s Named Executive Officers during the Company`s most recently completed
financial year.
AGGREGATE OPTIONS/SAR EXERCISES DURING THE MOST RECENTLY COMPLETED FINANCIAL
YEAR AND FINANCIAL YEAR-END OPTION/SAR VALUE
None
DEFINED BENEFIT PLANS
The Company does not have, and at no time during its most recently
completed financial year had, any defined benefit or actuarial plans in respect
of which any of its Named Executive Officers were eligible to participate.
COMPENSATION OF THE COMPANY`S DIRECTORS
None
MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS
None
C. BOARD PRACTICES
The Board of Directors meet quarterly to set policy and review the progress
as well as review and approve budgets and expenditures.
The Directors of the Company are elected by the shareholders at each
annual general meeting of the Company, or, in the event of a vacancy, they are
appointed by the Board of Directors then in office, to serve until the next
annual general meeting of the Company or until their successors are elected and
ratified.
The Company`s executive officers are appointed by the Board of
Directors and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors
D. EMPLOYEES
As of March 31, 2004, the Company had no full-time employees.
18
<PAGE>
E. SHARE OWNERSHIP
DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
The share ownership in the Company held directly or indirectly by the
Directors and Executive Officers of the Company are as indicated in the table
below:
None
PUBLIC AND INSIDER OWNERSHIP
As of March 31, 2004 the Directors, Officers and insiders of the
Company hold an aggregate of -0-common shares of the Company on a non-fully
diluted basis, being 0% of the then issued and outstanding common shares of the
Company, as opposed to the public owning an aggregate of 16,195,645 common
shares of the Company, or 100% of the then issued and outstanding common shares
of the Company.
ITEM 7 - MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS
To the knowledge of management of the Company, as at March 31, 2004 the
following beneficially own directly or indirectly, or exercise control or
direction, over common shares carrying 5% or more of the voting rights attached
to any class of voting securities of the Company:
AZIMUTH CORPORATION
PO BOX 3936
ST ANDREWS NB E5B 3S7 CAN 1,000,000
CAPITAL ASSOCIATES
828 WEST 7TH
VANCOUVER BC V5Z 1C1 CAN 2,500,000
CDS & CO (NCI) (1)
PO BOX 1038 STN A 25 THE ESPLANADE
TORONTO ON
M5W 1G5 CAN 6,144,854
DENBIGH, JUNE
16125 109 A AVE
SURREY BC V4N 3N8 CAN 1,112,044
DEWONCK, JUSTIN
11931 DUNFORD RD
RICHMOND BC V7E 3M6 CAN 1,174,544
J & J RENTALS INC
PO BOX 683
MIRAMICHI NB E1V 3T7 CAN 1,000,000
19
<PAGE>
RRGS CREATIVE MANAGEMENT CORP
650 WEST GEORGIA ST #1600
VANCOUVER BC V6B 4N7 CAN 2,000,000
Notes:
(1) The Company is informed that this shareholder is a share depository, the
beneficial ownership of which is unknown to the Company. (2) This information
was supplied to the Company by the Company`s registrar and transfer agent,
Pacific Corporate Trust Company.
All the shareholders of the Company have the same voting rights.
To the best of the Company`s knowledge, the Company is not owned or
controlled, directly or indirectly, by another corporation or by any foreign
government.
B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
None of the current Directors or Officers of the Company nor any
associate or affiliate of the foregoing persons, has any material interest,
direct or indirect, in any transactions of the Company or in any proposed
transaction which, in either case, has or will materially affect the Company.
C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL
This section is not applicable to the Company.
ITEM 8 - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The audited consolidated financial statements for the Company for the
fiscal years ending March 31, 2004 and 2003 form a material part of this Annual
Report. See Item "19" herein below.
B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES
There have not been any significant changes in the Company since the
date of the most recent interim financial statements other than those disclosed
in this Annual Report.
ITEM 9 - THE OFFERING AND LISTING
A. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS
This Annual Report does not relate to any offering of the Company`s
shares.
The following table indicates the annual high and low market prices for
the five most recent financial years:
20
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
YEAR ANNUAL HIGH ANNUAL LOW
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
2004 0.16 0.01
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2003 0.16 0.05
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001 0.40 0.04
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 0.62 0.04
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 0.52 0.17
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices on the
OTCBB for the common shares of the Company for each quarterly period in the two
most recent fiscal years.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
QUARTER ENDED HIGH LOW
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
March 31, 2004 0.05 0.01
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 2003 0.05 0.01
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
September 2003 0.13 0.04
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
June 2003 0.16 0.06
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
March. 31, 2003 0.16 0.05
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 2001 0.12 0.07
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
September 30, 2001 0.20 0.075
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
June. 30, 2001 0.40 0.175
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
The following table indicates the high and low market prices for each
month for the most recent six months:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MONTH HIGH LOW
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
March 2004 0.05 0.01
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
February 2004 0.01 0.01
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
January 2004 0.04 0.01
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 2003 0.01 0.01
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
November 2003 0.04 0.03
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
October 2003 0.05 0.03
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
This Annual Report does not relate to any offering of the Company`s
shares. Therefore, this section is not applicable to the Company.
C. MARKETS
21
<PAGE>
The Company`s shares were traded on the Canadian Venture Exchange (now
the TSX Venture Exchange) until May 11, 2001. In addition, the Company`s share
have been listed and posted for trading on the NASD Over-the-Counter Bulletin
Board (the "OTCBB") since February 6, 2001.
D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
This Annual Report does not relate to any offering of the Company`s
shares. Therefore, this section is not applicable to the Company.
E. DILUTION
This Annual Report does not relate to any offering of the Company`s
shares. Therefore, this section is not applicable to the Company.
F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE
This Annual Report does not relate to any offering of the Company`s
shares. Therefore, this section is not applicable to the Company.
ITEM 10 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
A. SHARE CAPITAL
This section is not applicable to the Company as this is an Annual
Report.
B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
This information is incorporated by reference to the Form 20-F
Registration Statement that was filed with the SEC on January 28, 2000.
DISCLOSURE OF INTEREST OF DIRECTORS
A Director of the Company who is a party to a material contract or
proposed material contract with the Company, or is a director of, or has a
material interest in, any person who is a party to a material contract or
proposed material contract with the Company shall disclose the nature and extent
of his interest at the time and in the manner provided in the COMPANY ACT
(British Columbia) (herein, only, the "ACT"). Except as provided in the Act, no
such Director or Officer of the Company shall vote on any resolution to approve
such contracts but each such director may be counted to determine the presence
of a quorum at the meeting of Directors where such vote is being taken if
provided for in the Articles of Association.
The Company`s Articles of Association provide as follows:
22
<PAGE>
"15.1 A director who is, in any way, directly or indirectly, interested in a
proposed contract or transaction with the Company or who holds any office or
possesses any property whereby, directly or indirectly, a duty or interest might
be created to conflict with his duty or interest as a Director shall declare the
nature and extent of his interest in such contract or transaction or of the
conflict or potential conflict with his duty and interest as a Director, as the
case may be, in accordance with the provisions of the Company Act.
15.2 A Director shall not vote in respect of any such contract or transaction
with the Company in which he is interested and if he shall do so his vote shall
not be counted, but he shall be counted in the quorum present at the meeting at
which such vote is taken. Subject to the provisions of the Company Act, the
foregoing prohibitions shall not apply to:
(i) any such contract or transaction relating to a loan to the Company, which a
Director or a specified corporation or a specified firm in which he has an
interest has guaranteed or joined in guaranteeing the repayment of the loan or
any part of the loan;
(ii) any contract or transaction made or to be made with, or for the benefit of
an affiliated corporation of which a Director is a director or officer;
(iii) determining the remuneration of the Directors;
(iv) purchasing and maintaining insurance to cover Directors against liability
incurred by them as Directors under section 152 of the Company Act; or
(v) the indemnification of any Director by the Company under Section 152 of the
Company Act."
SHAREHOLDINGS OF DIRECTORS
The Company`s Articles of Association provide as follows:
"12.3 A director shall not be required to hold a share in the capital of the
Company as qualification for his office but shall be qualified as required by
the Company Act, to become or act as a Director."
RIGHTS, PREFERENCES AND RESTRICTIONS ATTACHING TO EACH CLASS OF SHARES
The common shares of the Company contain all the rights which include:
(a) the right to vote at any meeting of shareholders;
(b) the right to receive any dividend declared by the Company; and
(c) the right to receive the remaining property of the Company on dissolution.
23
<PAGE>
There are no restrictions on the transfer of the Company`s common
shares.
CHANGING THE RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF THE COMPANY`S STOCK
In order to change the rights of holders of the Company`s stock, the
shareholders of that class of the Company`s stock must pass a special resolution
by a majority of not less than three-quarters (3/4s) of the votes cast by the
shareholders who voted in respect of that resolution or signed by all the
shareholders entitled to vote on that resolution.
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETINGS AND EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETINGS
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
Subject to the provisions of Section "146" of the Act, the annual
general meeting of the shareholders shall
Das Zaubermittelchen, um das es hier geht ist ganz am Ende des Textes umschrieben. Auch der Kaufpreis für den im Februar diesen Jahres durchgeführten Handel kann man dort einsehen.
Viel Spaß damit..
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20F
[ ] REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) or (g) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
OR
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2004.
----------------------------------------
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
For the transition period from
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 0-30520
SECUREVIEW SYSTEMS INC.
-----------------------------------------------------
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Not Applicable
(Translation of registrant`s name into English)
British Columbia, Canada
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
828 West 7th Ave., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 1C1
(Address of principal executive offices)
---------
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
<PAGE
Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.
NONE
Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.
COMMON SHARES WITHOUT PAR VALUE.
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d)
of the Act.
NONE.
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer`s classes of
capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual
report.
16,195,642 COMMON SHARES (AS AT MARCH 31, 2004)
16,195,642 COMMON SHARES (AS AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2004)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
YES: X . NO: .
Indicate by checkmark which financial statement item the registrant has elected
to follow:
ITEM 17: X . ITEM 18: .
FORM 20-F INDEX
Item No. Page
GLOSSARY 1
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS 5
PART I 6
ITEM 1 - IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND
ADVISERS 6
ITEM 2 - OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE 6
2
<PAGE>
A. Offer Statistics 6
B. Method and Expected Timetable 6
ITEM 3 - KEY INFORMATION 6
A. Selected Financial Information 6 Exchange Rates 7
B. Capitalization and Indebtedness 7
ITEM 4 - INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY 9
A. History and Development of the Company 9
B. Business Overview 10
Cash Resources and Liquidity 12
Stated Business Objectives 12
Principal Products 12
C. Organizational Structure 12 D. Property, Plants and Equipment 12
Office Space 12
Mineral Property 12
ITEM 5 - OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS 12
A. U.S. and Canadian GAAP differences 12
B. The Company 13
ITEM 6 - DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES 14
A. Directors and Senior Management 14
Aggregate Ownership of Securities 15
Other Reporting Issuers 15
Individual Bankruptcies 15
Conflicts of Interest 16
Other Information 16
B. Compensation 16
The Company`s Executive Compensation 16
Compensation of the Company`s Directors 18
Management Contracts 18
C. Board Practices 18
D. Employees 19
E. Share Ownership 19
Directors and Officers 19
Public and Insider Ownership 19
ITEM 7 - MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY
TRANSACTIONS 19
A. Major Shareholders 19
B. Related Party Transactions 20
C. Interests of Experts and Counsel 20
3
<PAGE>
ITEM 8 - FINANCIAL INFORMATION 20
A. Consolidated Statements and other Financial Information 20
B. Significant Changes 20
ITEM 9 - THE OFFERING AND LISTING 20
A. Offer and Listing Details 21
B. Plan of Distribution 21
C. Markets 22
D. Selling Shareholders 22
E. Dilution 22
F. Expenses of the Issue 22
ITEM 10 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 22
A. Share Capital 22
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association 22
Disclosure of Interest of Directors or Officers 22
Shareholdings of Directors 23
Rights, Preferences and Restrictions attaching
to each class of Shares 23
Changing the Rights of Holders of the
Company`s Stock 24
Annual General Meetings and Extraordinary General
Meetings 24
Annual General Meeting 24
Notice 24
Quorum 24
Limitations on the rights to own securities 25
C. Material Contracts 25
D. Exchange Controls 25
E. Taxation 26
F. Dividends and Paying Agents 28
G. Statement by Experts 28
H. Documents on Display 28
I. Subsidiary Information 28
ITEM 11 - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT
MARKET RISK 28
ITEM 12 - DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY
SECURITIES 28
A. Debt Securities 28
B. Warrants and Rights 29
C. Other Securities 29
D. American Depositary Shares 29
PART II 29
4
<PAGE>
ITEM 13 - DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND
DELINQUENCIES 29
ITEM 14 - MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY
HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS 29
ITEM 15 - CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 29
A. Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures 29
B. Change in Internal Controls 29
ITEM 16A - AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT 30
ITEM 16B - CODE OF ETHICS 30
ITEM 16C - PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES 30
A. Audit Fees 30
B. Audit Related Fees 30
C. Tax Fees 31
D. All Other Fees 31
ITEM 17 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31
ITEM 18 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31
ITEM 19 - EXHIBITS 31
(A) Financial Statements 32
(B) Exhibits 32
SIGNATURES 33
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
Secureview Systems Inc. (the "COMPANY") cautions readers that certain
important factors (including, without limitation, those set forth in this Form
20-F) may affect the Company`s actual results and could cause such results to
differ materially from any forward-looking statements that may be deemed to have
been made in this Form 20-F annual report (the "ANNUAL REPORT"), or that are
otherwise made by or on behalf of the Company.
For this purpose any statements contained in this Annual Report that are not
statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, words such as "may," "except,"
believe," anticipate," "intend," "could," estimate" or "continue," or the
negative or other variations of comparable terminology, are intended to identify
forward-looking statements. In this Annual Report, unless otherwise specified,
5
<PAGE>
all monetary amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars. See "KEY INFORMATION -
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA - EXCHANGE RATES" for applicable exchange rates.
PART 1
ITEM 1 - IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
The following is a list of the directors and executive officers of the Company:
* Donald L. Perks President/CEO/Director appointed on August 29, 2003
Confirmed at AGM September 17, 2003
* Cindy Perks -Director elected at AGM September 17, 2003
* Mrs. Anna Marie Cain -Secretary appointed August 29, 2003 Confirmed and
elected Director at AGM September 17, 2003
* Jim Chapmen - Director elected at AGM September 17, 2003
ITEM 2 - OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not Applicable
A. OFFER STATISTICS
This Annual Report does not relate to any offering of the Company`s
shares. Therefore, this section is not applicable to the Company.
B. METHOD AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
This Annual Report does not relate to any offering of the Company`s
shares. Therefore, this section is not applicable to the Company.
ITEM 3 - KEY INFORMATION
A. SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following summarizes certain selected financial information with
respect to the Company and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the
consolidated financial statements of the Company and the Notes thereto; a copy
of which is attached to this Annual Report:
Notes:
Managements` Discussions and Analysis of Financial Conditions and
Results of Operations for comparability of financial results. See also note 13
for reconciliation of differences between United States and Canada financial
results due to differences between United States and Canadian generally accepted
accounting principles.
6
<PAGE>
(1) Net Loss per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of
shares outstanding during the year. Fully diluted loss per share has not been
disclosed as it is anti-dilutive under US GAAP.
EXCHANGE RATES
In this Annual Report, UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS ARE
EXPRESSED IN CANADIAN DOLLARS. Since June 1, 1970, the Government of Canada has
permitted a floating exchange rate to determine the value of the Canadian dollar
against the U.S. dollar. The high and low exchange rates, the average rates
(average of the exchange rates on the last day of each month during the period)
and the end of the period rates for Canadian dollars, expressed in U.S. dollars,
from April 1, 1999 to March 31, 2004, based on the noon buying rate in New York
City for cable transfers payable in Canadian dollars as certified for customs
purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, were as follows:
U.S. Dollars per $1.00 (CDN.)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended March 31, 2004
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2004 2003 2002 2001 2000
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
High .6822 .6618 .6696 .6738 .6891
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Low .6252 .6207 .6367 .6417 .6428
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average .6473 .6409 .6542 .6967 .6643
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Period .6805 .6326 .6367 .6669 .6682
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS
This is an Annual Report, and therefore, this information is not
applicable.
C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS
This is an Annual Report does not relate to any offering of the
Company`s shares. Therefore, this section is not applicable to the Company.
D. RISK FACTORS
The following risk factors are those concerned with the business of the
Company.
LACK OF BUSINESS HISTORY AND PROFITABILITY OF OPERATIONS
The Company is not currently operating profitably and it should be
anticipated that it will operate at a loss at least until such time as a
business prospect is identified and is achieved, if production is, in fact, ever
achieved. The Company has never earned a significant profit.
7
<PAGE>
CURRENCY/EXCHANGE RATE RISK
The Company anticipates most of the revenue to be earned in U.S.
dollars; however, the majority of costs are expected to be incurred and paid in
Canadian dollars. Exchange rate fluctuations could have an adverse effect on the
Company`s financial position.
DEPENDENCE ON KEY MANAGEMENT
The success of the operations and activities of the Company is
dependent to a significant extent on the efforts and abilities of its
management. The loss of services of any of its Management could have a material
adverse effect on the Company. The Company does not maintain key man insurance
on any of its management. The Company does not have any employment or labor
agreements with any personnel or key employees as at the date of the filing of
this Annual Report.
THE COMPANY IS SUBJECT TO GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
The Company`s activities are subject to extensive federal, provincial
and local laws and regulations controlling not only the mining of and
exploration for mineral properties, but also the possible effects of such
activities upon the environment. Permits from a variety of regulatory
authorities are required for many aspects of mine and mill operation and
reclamation (see "ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS" under "ITEM 4 - INFORMATION ON THE
COMPANY - PROPERTY, PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT"). Future legislation and regulations
could cause additional expense, capital expenditures, restrictions and delays in
the development of the Company`s property, the extent of which cannot be
predicted. In the context of environmental permitting, the Company must comply
with known standards, existing laws and regulations which may entail greater or
lesser costs and delays depending on the nature of the activity to be permitted
and how stringently the regulations are implemented by the permitting authority.
While it is possible that the costs and delays associated with the compliance of
such laws, regulations and permits could become such that the Company would not
proceed with the development or operations of a mine, the Company is not aware
of any material environmental constraint affecting it that would preclude the
economic development or operation of the Company`s property.
RISK OF "PENNY STOCK"
The Company`s common shares may be deemed to be "penny stock" as that
term is defined in REGULATION Section "240.3a51-1" of the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Penny stocks are stocks: (a) with a price of
less than U.S. $5.00 per share; (b) that are not traded on a "recognized"
national exchange; (c) whose prices are not quoted on the NASDAQ automated
quotation system (NASDAQ - where listed stocks must still meet requirement (a)
above); or (d) in issuers with net tangible assets of less than U.S. $2,000,000
(if the issuer has been in continuous operation for at least three years) or
8
<PAGE>
U.S. $5,000,000 (if in continuous operation for less than three years), or with
average revenues of less than U.S. $6,000,000 for the last three years.
Section "15(g)" of the United States SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
as amended, and REGULATION Section "240.15g(c)2" of the SEC require broker
dealers dealing in penny stocks to provide potential investors with a document
disclosing the risks of penny stocks and to obtain a manually signed and dated
written receipt of the document before effecting any transaction in a penny
stock for the investor`s account. Potential investors in the Company`s common
shares are urged to obtain and read such disclosure carefully before purchasing
any common shares that are deemed to be "penny stock.".
Moreover, REGULATION Section "240.15g-9" of the SEC requires broker
dealers in penny stocks to approve the account of any investor for transactions
in such stocks before selling any penny stock to that investor.
This procedure requires the broker dealer to: (a) obtain from the investor
information concerning his or her financial situation, investment experience and
investment objectives; (b) reasonably determine, based on that information, that
transactions in penny stocks are suitable for the investor and that the investor
has sufficient knowledge and experience as to be reasonably capable of
evaluating the risks of penny stock transactions; (c) provide the investor with
a written statement setting forth the basis on which the broker dealer made the
determination in (ii) above; and (d) receive a signed and dated copy of such
statement from the investor confirming that it accurately reflects the
investor`s financial situation, investment experience and investment objectives.
Compliance with these requirements may make it more difficult for investors in
the Company`s common shares to resell their common shares to third parties or to
otherwise dispose of them.
ITEM 4 - INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY
INCORPORATION
The Company was incorporated on September 18, 1985, under the laws of
the Province of British Columbia under the name of Canadian Comstock Exploration
Ltd. with an authorized share capital of 20,000,000 shares without par value.
The Company changed its name on June 7, 1995 to American Comstock Exploration
Ltd. in connection with a consolidation of its share capital on a one for four
basis. The company changed its name again on February 4, 1998 to "International
Comstock Exploration Ltd." in connection with a consolidation of its share
capital on a one for five basis. The company changed its name again on October
2, 2001 to "Secureview Systems Inc." in connection with a consolidation of its
share capital on a one for five basis. In addition, the Company increased its
authorized share capital to 100,000,000 shares without par value on October 2,
2001.
CORPORATE INFORMATION
9
<PAGE>
The Company`s business address and executive offices are located at 828West 7th Ave., Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1C1. The Company`s telephone number is (604) 688-6933 and the Company`s fax number is (604) 742-1985. TheCompany`s agent for service in Canada is Devlin Jensen, Barristers & Solicitors,
who are located at Suite 2550, 555 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, British
Columbia, V6B 4N5, and who can be contacted at (604) 684-2550 or via facsimile
at (604) 684-0916.
B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW
From its incorporation in 1985 until 1999, the Company has been engaged
in the business of exploration of natural resource properties. The Company
currently holds a 100% interest in the Hail-Harper Creek property nears
Kamloops, B.C.
In early 1999, in the face of an ongoing recession in the natural
resource sector, the Company initiated a search for other business opportunities
which culminated in May, 1999 the acquisition of the domain name
ProSportsPool.com. In January 2000, the Company entered into an agreement with
Internet Sports Network Inc. to develop and maintain a number of internet based
games and contest. Internet Sports Network eventually developed "Fantasy Free
for All" software and back end support for Nascar, Formula One, Cart series,
Baseball and Hockey contests for ProSportsPool.com
The Company launched the ProSportsool.com website on March 1, 2000 with
"Fantasy Free for All" Formula 1 and NASCAR Contests. The launch of the website
was accompanied by a marketing campaign that included print, billboard, and
internet-banner advertising. In March 21, 2000, the Company engaged Iceberg
Media.com Inc. to provide three music channels - 1Groove.com, 2Kool4Radio.com
and PrimeTicket.net - for the ProSportsPool.com website. The ProSportsPool.com
website added a fantasy baseball contest, and an affiliation with Altavista.com
on March 27, 2000. At the beginning of April 2000, the Company launched its
internet hockey contest and announced its inaugural contest winners in its
auto-racing contests. The Company also announced its has become an authorized
member of the Cnet.com affiliate network and has formed similar affiliations
with Chipshot.com, Wrenchead.com, Quokka.com and America Online.
To increase awareness of the ProSportspool.com website, the Company
participated at the G.I. Joe 200 CART race in Portland, Oregon as well as the
Toronto and Vancouver Indy races by appearing at a booth at the races signing up
contestants and offering prizes to entrants.
On January 15, 2001, due to the closing of Internet Sports Network
Inc., which provides the technical architecture and sports data for the
ProSportsPool.com`s sports contests, the Company was forced to discontinue its
sports-contest site.
As of June 28, 2001, the Company entered into a letter of intent with
Argent Resources Ltd., On-Track Computer Training Ltd., On-Track Computer
International Ltd. and Lute Linux.com Corp. whereby Argent assigned its right to
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<PAGE>
enter into a share exchange agreement with Lute who has the option to enter into
a share exchange agreement with On-Track and On-Track International. In exchange
for the assignment by Argent to the Company of the share exchange agreement
entered into between Lute and Argent, the Company will issue 3,600,000 share to
Argent and pay to Argent $50,000 to cover legal expenses. Prior to closing this
transaction, the Company will enter into separate share exchange agreements with
each of On-Track, On-Track International and Lute. These share exchange
agreements will result in the Company receiving all of the issued and
outstanding securities of On-Track, On-Track International and Lute in exchange
for common stock of the Company.
As of October 24, 2001, the Company signed a Share Crystallization
Agreement with Lute Linux.com Corp. pursuant to the rights to do so as assigned
to the Company by Argent Resources Ltd. on June 28, 2001. The agreement was
completed under amended terms, which included the issuance of 2,000,000 shares
to Argent instead of 3,600,000 shares and the exchange of Lute share purchase
warrants for Company shares at a deemed value of $0.10 US per share, as to Russ
Rossi (100,000 shares), RRGS Creative Management Corp. (2,400,000 shares) and
Quest Ventures Ltd. (175,000 shares). The Company did not proceed with similar
share purchase agreements with On-Track Computer Training Ltd. and related
company On-Track Computer International Ltd. as originally contemplated due to
market conditions. Lute focused its business development on its "Fedcam," an
inexpensive remote monitoring system that allows subscribers to view their
target locations via secure website. The Fedcam was being tested by the Canadian
government`s construction branch on its Osoyoos, British Columbia border
crossing site into the United States. However, as of March 31, 2003, the Company
ceased funding the Fedcam and the asset was written down to a nominal amount.
As of June 25, 2002, the Company entered into a letter of intent with
Estwind Energy, a private power company incorporated in Estonia, whereby the
Company intended to acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of Estwind
Energy in exchange for 2,731,728 shares of the Company, which was equivalent to
20% of the currently issued and outstanding common shares of the Company. Upon
completion of the share exchange agreement, Estwind Energy was to become a
wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. However, the Company decided against
completing the share exchange agreement as the business of Estwind Energy was
deemed to not be profitable.
As of May 30, 2003, the Company entered into a letter of intent with
P-CE Computers, Inc., a private Nevada corporation, engaged in the business of
developing revolutionary, ergonomic and powerful multimedia-computing
environments (workstations). The Company intended to acquire all of the issued
and outstanding shares of P-CE Computers, Inc. in exchange for 2,500,000 shares
of the Company, which was equivalent to approximately 18% of the currently
issued and outstanding common shares of the Company. However, the Company
decided against completing the share exchange agreement as due diligence
indicated that the business of P-CE Computers, Inc. would not be profitable.
11
<PAGE>
As of September 3, 2003, the Company entered into a letter of intent
with TNR Resources Ltd. ("TNR"), a public British Columbia, Canada company, to
enter into a formal agreement whereby the Company will acquire an option to
purchase a 50% working interest in TNR`s Las Carachas Property in Argentina.
The Company did not pursue the option,
CASH RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
As of March 31, 2004, the Company had approximately $2,580 in cash and
a working capital deficiency of approximately $662,000.
STATED BUSINESS OBJECTIVES
The Company is seeking appropriate business opportunities and as identified will
pursue the acquisition thereof.
PRINCIPAL PRODUCTS
None.
C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
D. PROPERTY, PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT
OFFICE SPACE
As of September 1, 2004, the Company utilizes about 1000 squarefeet of
office space at 828 West 7th Ave., Vancouver, B.C. and pays rent of $2,500 permonth which includes office support.
MINERAL PROPERTY
None.
ITEM 5 - OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
A. U.S. AND CANADIAN GAAP DIFFERENCES
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Canadian
GAAP, which conform in all material respects with those of the US, except as
disclosed in note 13 to the audited financial statements of the Company for
March 31, 2004, 2003 and 2001.
B. THE COMPANY
12
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YEAR ENDED, MARCH 31 2004 COMPARED WITH THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2003
ASSETS, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company`s total assets incressed from $3,755 in 2003 to $159,361 in
2004.
The Company`s overall liabilities increased from $437,545 in 2003 to
$662,700 in 2004.
The Company`s 2004 net working capital deficiency increased to $503,339
from $433,790 in 2003, largely due to the current increase in liabilities as
described above.
RESULTS OF OPERATION
The Company incurred a net loss of $144,549 for the year ended March
31, 2004, compared with a net loss of $122,563 for the year ended March 31, 2003
US GAAP VERSUS CANADIAN GAAP
Under the Canadian GAAP applicable to junior mining exploration
companies, mineral exploration expenditures on prospective properties may be
deferred until such time as it is determined that further exploration is not
warranted, at which time the property costs are written-off. Under US GAAP, all
exploration expenditures must be expensed until an independent feasibility study
has determined that the property is capable of economic commercial production.
Under US GAAP, the Company`s deferred mineral property costs would
therefore currently be nil, with the $1 in costs currently reflected under
Canadian GAAP included in Deficit. There were no property costs incurred or
written off during the 2004 fiscal year, and accordingly the differences between
the allowable US and Canadian GAAP treatments of property costs would result in
no change in net loss under U.S. GAAP from that reported under Canadian GAAP.
YEAR ENDED, MARCH 31 2004 COMPARED WITH THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2003
ASSETS, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company`s total assets increased from $3,755 in 2003 to $159,361 in
2004.
The Company`s overall liabilities increased from $437,545 in 2003 to
$662,700 in 2004, largely as a result of an increased level of debt to companies
of $293,986 and a loan payable in the amount of $125,000.
The Company`s 2004 net working capital deficiency increased to $503,339
from $437,545 in 2003, largely due to the current increase in liabilities as
described above.
13
<PAGE>
RESULTS OF OPERATION
The Company incurred a net loss of $144,549 for the year ended March
31, 2004, compared with a net loss of $122,563 for the year ended March 31,
2003.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company faced the increasing difficulty in trying to raise
new equity financing to support operations. During 2004, the Company did not
raise any funds from equity or debt financing activities and accordingly all
current operations have been funded from the pre-existing reserves of cash
raised in previous fiscal years
The Company has no residual capital commitment in respect to its
discontinued operations and has no current capital commitments.
ITEM 6 - DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT
The names, municipality of residence and principal occupations in which
each of the Directors, Executive Officers and other members of management of the
Company have been engaged during the immediately preceding five years are as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NUMBER OF SHARES OF THE
NAME, MUNICIPALITY OF PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION OR DIRECTOR/ COMPANY BENEFICIALLY OWNED,
RESIDENCE AND POSITIONS, IF EMPLOYMENT DURING THE PAST OFFICER OF THE CONTROLLED OR DIRECTED(1)
------------
ANY, HELD WITH THE COMPANY FIVE YEARS COMPANY SINCE
-------- ------ -----
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
DONALD L. PERKS. RICHMOND, BUSINESSMAN, SELF-EMPLOYED PRESIDENT/DIR. 0
B.C. SINCE AUGUST 29,
PRESIDENT/DIRECTOR 2003
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELF-EMPLOYED BUSINESSPERSON DIRECTOR SINCE 0
CINDY PERKS. SEPT. 17, 2003
VANCOUVER, BC .
DIRECTOR
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ANNA MARIE CAIN
SEC/CFO/DIR SELF-EMPLOYED BUSINESSPERSON DIRECTOR SINCE 0
SEPT. 17, 2003
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
JIM CHAPMAN SELF-EMPLOYED BUSINESSPERSON DIRECTOR SINCE 0
VANCOUVER, B.C. SEPT, 17, 2003
DIRECTOR
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
14
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The directors of the Company are elected by the shareholders at each
annual general meeting of the Company, or, in the event of a vacancy, they are
appointed by the Board of Directors then in office, to serve until the next
annual general meeting of the Company or until their successors are elected and
ratified.
The Company`s executive officers are appointed by the Board of
Directors and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors.
There are no family relationships between any director or officer and
any other director or officer except for Don and Cindy Perks, who are married.
The following are brief profiles of the Directors and Executive
Officers of the Company: Donald L. Perks: President, is an independent
businessman and is a self-employed Business Consultant.
Cindy Perks: Director, received an MBA from Mt. Ellison University and is
self-employed.
Anna Marie Cain: CFO, is self employed.
Jim Chapman: Director, is educated in engineering, and is a self-employed
consultant.
AGGREGATE OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES
There are presently NO common shares of the Company owned by all of the
Directors, Officers and promoters of the Company.
OTHER REPORTING ISSUERS
The following Directors, Officers, promoters or other members of
management of the Company have held a position as a director, officer, promoter
or other member of management of other reporting issuers within years prior to
the date of this Annual Report:
None
INDIVIDUAL BANKRUPTCIES
None of the Directors, Officers, promoters or members of management of
the Company have, within the five years prior to the date of this Annual Report,
been declared bankrupt or made a voluntary assignment in bankruptcy, made a
proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency, or been
subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with
15
<PAGE>
creditors, or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold the
assets of that individual.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
Some of the Directors and Officers of the Company also serve as
directors and/or officers of other companies and may be presented from time to
time with situations or opportunities which give rise to apparent conflicts of
interest which cannot be resolved by arm`s length negotiations but only through
exercise by the Directors and Officers of such judgement as is consistent with
their fiduciary duties to the Company which arise under British Columbia and
Canadian corporate law, especially insofar as taking advantage, directly or
indirectly, of information or opportunities acquired in their capacities as
Directors or Officers of the Company.
All conflicts of interest will be resolved in accordance with the appropriate
business corporation statute. Any transactions with Directors and Officers will
be on terms consistent with industry standards and sound business practices in
accordance with the fiduciary duties of those persons to the Company and,
depending upon the magnitude of the transactions and the absence of any
disinterested board members, may be submitted to the shareholders for their
approval.
OTHER INFORMATION
There are no family relationships between any of the Directors or
Officers of the Company except for Don and Cindy Perks, who are husband and
wife. The approximate percentage of business time that each Director and Officer
will devote to the Company`s business is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME PERCENTAGE OF TIME
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
Don Perks 25%
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cindy Perks 5%
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anna Marie Cain 5%
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Jim Chapman 5%
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
B. COMPENSATION
THE COMPANY`S EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION NONE
The Company`s fiscal year end is the 31st day of March.
Pursuant to Form 41 of the SECURITIES RULES (British Columbia), the
Company is a "small business issuer", which is defined as a company that:
- - had revenues of less than $25,000,000 in its last completed financial year;
- - is not a non-redeemable investment fund or mutual fund;
- - has a public float of less than $25,000,000; and
- - if it is a subsidiary of another company, that other company is also a small
business issuer.
16
<PAGE>
The Company has created three Executive Offices, namely that of
President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary. In this regard the Company`s
named Executive Officers (collectively, the "NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS") are as
follows:
Donald Perks - Mr. Perks was appointed the President of the Company on
August 29, 2003..
Anna Marie Cain - Mrs. Cain was appointed the Chief Financial Officer
and Secretary of the Company on September 17, 2003.
For the purpose of this Annual Report, except as otherwise expressly
provided or unless the context otherwise requires, the following words and
phrases shall have the following meanings:
"EQUITY SECURITY" means securities of a company that carry a residual right to
participate in earnings of that company and, upon liquidation or winding up of
that company, its assets;
"OPTION" means all options, share purchase warrants and rights granted by a
company or any of its subsidiaries (if any) as compensation for services
rendered or otherwise in connection with office or employment;
"LTIP" means a long-term incentive plan, which is any plan providing
compensation intended to serve as incentive for performance to occur over a
period longer than one financial year, whether the performance is measured by
reference to financial performance of the company or an affiliate of the
company, the price for the company`s securities, or any other measure, but does
not include Option or SAR plans or plans for compensation through restricted
shares or restricted share units; and
"SAR" means stock appreciation right, which is a right granted by a company or
any of its subsidiaries (if any) as condensation for services rendered or
otherwise in connection with office or employment to receive a payment of cash
or an issue or transfer of securities based wholly or in part on changes in the
trading price of publicly traded securities.
The following table details the compensation paid to the Company`s
Named Executive Officers during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004:
None
The Company anticipates that compensation will be provided by the
Company during the Company`s next financial year to certain of the Named
Executive Officers of the Company and in conjunction with certain management and
administrative services to be provided to the Company by such Named Executive
Officers or their successors.
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<PAGE>
LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLANS - AWARDS IN MOST RECENTLY COMPLETED FINANCIAL YEAR
During its most recently completed financial year, and for the two
previously completed financial years, the Company has not awarded or instituted
any LTIPs in favour of its Named Executive Officers.
OPTIONS/SAR GRANTS DURING THE MOST RECENTLY COMPLETED FINANCIAL YEAR
No individual grants of Options to purchase or acquire securities of
the Company or any of its subsidiaries (whether or not in tandem with SARs) or
any freestanding SARs were granted or were in effect and in favour of any of the
Company`s Named Executive Officers during the Company`s most recently completed
financial year.
AGGREGATE OPTIONS/SAR EXERCISES DURING THE MOST RECENTLY COMPLETED FINANCIAL
YEAR AND FINANCIAL YEAR-END OPTION/SAR VALUE
None
DEFINED BENEFIT PLANS
The Company does not have, and at no time during its most recently
completed financial year had, any defined benefit or actuarial plans in respect
of which any of its Named Executive Officers were eligible to participate.
COMPENSATION OF THE COMPANY`S DIRECTORS
None
MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS
None
C. BOARD PRACTICES
The Board of Directors meet quarterly to set policy and review the progress
as well as review and approve budgets and expenditures.
The Directors of the Company are elected by the shareholders at each
annual general meeting of the Company, or, in the event of a vacancy, they are
appointed by the Board of Directors then in office, to serve until the next
annual general meeting of the Company or until their successors are elected and
ratified.
The Company`s executive officers are appointed by the Board of
Directors and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors
D. EMPLOYEES
As of March 31, 2004, the Company had no full-time employees.
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<PAGE>
E. SHARE OWNERSHIP
DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
The share ownership in the Company held directly or indirectly by the
Directors and Executive Officers of the Company are as indicated in the table
below:
None
PUBLIC AND INSIDER OWNERSHIP
As of March 31, 2004 the Directors, Officers and insiders of the
Company hold an aggregate of -0-common shares of the Company on a non-fully
diluted basis, being 0% of the then issued and outstanding common shares of the
Company, as opposed to the public owning an aggregate of 16,195,645 common
shares of the Company, or 100% of the then issued and outstanding common shares
of the Company.
ITEM 7 - MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS
To the knowledge of management of the Company, as at March 31, 2004 the
following beneficially own directly or indirectly, or exercise control or
direction, over common shares carrying 5% or more of the voting rights attached
to any class of voting securities of the Company:
AZIMUTH CORPORATION
PO BOX 3936
ST ANDREWS NB E5B 3S7 CAN 1,000,000
CAPITAL ASSOCIATES
828 WEST 7TH
VANCOUVER BC V5Z 1C1 CAN 2,500,000
CDS & CO (NCI) (1)
PO BOX 1038 STN A 25 THE ESPLANADE
TORONTO ON
M5W 1G5 CAN 6,144,854
DENBIGH, JUNE
16125 109 A AVE
SURREY BC V4N 3N8 CAN 1,112,044
DEWONCK, JUSTIN
11931 DUNFORD RD
RICHMOND BC V7E 3M6 CAN 1,174,544
J & J RENTALS INC
PO BOX 683
MIRAMICHI NB E1V 3T7 CAN 1,000,000
19
<PAGE>
RRGS CREATIVE MANAGEMENT CORP
650 WEST GEORGIA ST #1600
VANCOUVER BC V6B 4N7 CAN 2,000,000
Notes:
(1) The Company is informed that this shareholder is a share depository, the
beneficial ownership of which is unknown to the Company. (2) This information
was supplied to the Company by the Company`s registrar and transfer agent,
Pacific Corporate Trust Company.
All the shareholders of the Company have the same voting rights.
To the best of the Company`s knowledge, the Company is not owned or
controlled, directly or indirectly, by another corporation or by any foreign
government.
B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
None of the current Directors or Officers of the Company nor any
associate or affiliate of the foregoing persons, has any material interest,
direct or indirect, in any transactions of the Company or in any proposed
transaction which, in either case, has or will materially affect the Company.
C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL
This section is not applicable to the Company.
ITEM 8 - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The audited consolidated financial statements for the Company for the
fiscal years ending March 31, 2004 and 2003 form a material part of this Annual
Report. See Item "19" herein below.
B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES
There have not been any significant changes in the Company since the
date of the most recent interim financial statements other than those disclosed
in this Annual Report.
ITEM 9 - THE OFFERING AND LISTING
A. OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS
This Annual Report does not relate to any offering of the Company`s
shares.
The following table indicates the annual high and low market prices for
the five most recent financial years:
20
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
YEAR ANNUAL HIGH ANNUAL LOW
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
2004 0.16 0.01
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2003 0.16 0.05
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001 0.40 0.04
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 0.62 0.04
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 0.52 0.17
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices on the
OTCBB for the common shares of the Company for each quarterly period in the two
most recent fiscal years.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
QUARTER ENDED HIGH LOW
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
March 31, 2004 0.05 0.01
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 2003 0.05 0.01
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
September 2003 0.13 0.04
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
June 2003 0.16 0.06
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
March. 31, 2003 0.16 0.05
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 2001 0.12 0.07
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
September 30, 2001 0.20 0.075
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
June. 30, 2001 0.40 0.175
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
The following table indicates the high and low market prices for each
month for the most recent six months:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MONTH HIGH LOW
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
March 2004 0.05 0.01
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
February 2004 0.01 0.01
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
January 2004 0.04 0.01
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 2003 0.01 0.01
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
November 2003 0.04 0.03
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
October 2003 0.05 0.03
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
This Annual Report does not relate to any offering of the Company`s
shares. Therefore, this section is not applicable to the Company.
C. MARKETS
21
<PAGE>
The Company`s shares were traded on the Canadian Venture Exchange (now
the TSX Venture Exchange) until May 11, 2001. In addition, the Company`s share
have been listed and posted for trading on the NASD Over-the-Counter Bulletin
Board (the "OTCBB") since February 6, 2001.
D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
This Annual Report does not relate to any offering of the Company`s
shares. Therefore, this section is not applicable to the Company.
E. DILUTION
This Annual Report does not relate to any offering of the Company`s
shares. Therefore, this section is not applicable to the Company.
F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE
This Annual Report does not relate to any offering of the Company`s
shares. Therefore, this section is not applicable to the Company.
ITEM 10 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
A. SHARE CAPITAL
This section is not applicable to the Company as this is an Annual
Report.
B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
This information is incorporated by reference to the Form 20-F
Registration Statement that was filed with the SEC on January 28, 2000.
DISCLOSURE OF INTEREST OF DIRECTORS
A Director of the Company who is a party to a material contract or
proposed material contract with the Company, or is a director of, or has a
material interest in, any person who is a party to a material contract or
proposed material contract with the Company shall disclose the nature and extent
of his interest at the time and in the manner provided in the COMPANY ACT
(British Columbia) (herein, only, the "ACT"). Except as provided in the Act, no
such Director or Officer of the Company shall vote on any resolution to approve
such contracts but each such director may be counted to determine the presence
of a quorum at the meeting of Directors where such vote is being taken if
provided for in the Articles of Association.
The Company`s Articles of Association provide as follows:
22
<PAGE>
"15.1 A director who is, in any way, directly or indirectly, interested in a
proposed contract or transaction with the Company or who holds any office or
possesses any property whereby, directly or indirectly, a duty or interest might
be created to conflict with his duty or interest as a Director shall declare the
nature and extent of his interest in such contract or transaction or of the
conflict or potential conflict with his duty and interest as a Director, as the
case may be, in accordance with the provisions of the Company Act.
15.2 A Director shall not vote in respect of any such contract or transaction
with the Company in which he is interested and if he shall do so his vote shall
not be counted, but he shall be counted in the quorum present at the meeting at
which such vote is taken. Subject to the provisions of the Company Act, the
foregoing prohibitions shall not apply to:
(i) any such contract or transaction relating to a loan to the Company, which a
Director or a specified corporation or a specified firm in which he has an
interest has guaranteed or joined in guaranteeing the repayment of the loan or
any part of the loan;
(ii) any contract or transaction made or to be made with, or for the benefit of
an affiliated corporation of which a Director is a director or officer;
(iii) determining the remuneration of the Directors;
(iv) purchasing and maintaining insurance to cover Directors against liability
incurred by them as Directors under section 152 of the Company Act; or
(v) the indemnification of any Director by the Company under Section 152 of the
Company Act."
SHAREHOLDINGS OF DIRECTORS
The Company`s Articles of Association provide as follows:
"12.3 A director shall not be required to hold a share in the capital of the
Company as qualification for his office but shall be qualified as required by
the Company Act, to become or act as a Director."
RIGHTS, PREFERENCES AND RESTRICTIONS ATTACHING TO EACH CLASS OF SHARES
The common shares of the Company contain all the rights which include:
(a) the right to vote at any meeting of shareholders;
(b) the right to receive any dividend declared by the Company; and
(c) the right to receive the remaining property of the Company on dissolution.
23
<PAGE>
There are no restrictions on the transfer of the Company`s common
shares.
CHANGING THE RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF THE COMPANY`S STOCK
In order to change the rights of holders of the Company`s stock, the
shareholders of that class of the Company`s stock must pass a special resolution
by a majority of not less than three-quarters (3/4s) of the votes cast by the
shareholders who voted in respect of that resolution or signed by all the
shareholders entitled to vote on that resolution.
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETINGS AND EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETINGS
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
Subject to the provisions of Section "146" of the Act, the annual
general meeting of the shareholders shall
...sorry, aber nachdem ich jetzt feststellen musste dass das Zaubermittelchen verlorenging stelle ich es eben nochmal rein.
On February 1, 2005 the company reached an agreement in principle to acquire
all rights to and interest in a drug, Trioxolane ( the “Technology”), including all patents
and other intellectual property relating to the technology, The use of Trioxolane is
patented in the USA and in other countries. The purchase price is $ 205,900,000 USD which
is payable by the issuance of 100 million common shares without par value of
Secureview Systems Inc. and is subject to the shareholders of Secureview approving both
the acquisition and the increase of the company’s authorized share capital.
Für die an den Finanzen intressierten unter euch noch der folgende Link:
http://secfilings.nasdaq.com/filingFrameset.asp?FileName=000…
On February 1, 2005 the company reached an agreement in principle to acquire
all rights to and interest in a drug, Trioxolane ( the “Technology”), including all patents
and other intellectual property relating to the technology, The use of Trioxolane is
patented in the USA and in other countries. The purchase price is $ 205,900,000 USD which
is payable by the issuance of 100 million common shares without par value of
Secureview Systems Inc. and is subject to the shareholders of Secureview approving both
the acquisition and the increase of the company’s authorized share capital.
Für die an den Finanzen intressierten unter euch noch der folgende Link:
http://secfilings.nasdaq.com/filingFrameset.asp?FileName=000…
Guten Morgen
Und es geht weiter
Bit 20.000 für 0,26
Ask 15.000 für 0,34
Und es geht weiter
Bit 20.000 für 0,26
Ask 15.000 für 0,34
[posting]17.678.261 von cancom am 25.08.05 09:00:57[/posting]Guten Morgen !!!
Bin ab heute auch mit bei
Kz diese Woche 100%
Bin ab heute auch mit bei
Kz diese Woche 100%
[posting]17.678.502 von BRBa am 25.08.05 09:17:24[/posting]ist eigentlich noch jemand dabei
das Ding wird geh´n
das Ding wird geh´n
Alle Mann an Bord!
Bin auch Gestern morgen rein
Bin auch Gestern morgen rein
Jetzt schon 0,27
das geht aber schnell
BID 5K 0,26
ASK 20.000 0,28
das geht aber schnell
BID 5K 0,26
ASK 20.000 0,28
Ich hab mich gestern vor 20:00 Uhr nochmal eingedeckt.
[posting]17.679.006 von INeedMoney am 25.08.05 09:47:10[/posting]Diese Woche 100%
Schaut euch mal den Chart in USA an
Schaut euch mal den Chart in USA an
[posting]17.679.022 von BRBa am 25.08.05 09:48:40[/posting]Erst PlanetLink und Jetzt Global Immune
Mit diesen Aktien werde ich die nächsten Wochen viel Freude haben
Mit diesen Aktien werde ich die nächsten Wochen viel Freude haben
FFM 0,23/ 0,26€
10000/ 5000
0,26€ ist = USA billiger kann mann nicht kaufen
10000/ 5000
0,26€ ist = USA billiger kann mann nicht kaufen
[posting]17.679.058 von BRBa am 25.08.05 09:51:02[/posting]Glaube nicht das wir hier Wochen warten müssen
nur ein paar Tage und das Kursziel ist erreicht
nur ein paar Tage und das Kursziel ist erreicht
Glaube das wir bis freitag die 0,60 haben.
was glaubt ihr ???
was glaubt ihr ???
[posting]17.679.058 von BRBa am 25.08.05 09:51:02[/posting]Kurse über 30 Cents in Deutschland sind heute durchaus drin.
Allerdings sollten man sich nicht nur durch seine Gier leiten lassen.
Allerdings sollten man sich nicht nur durch seine Gier leiten lassen.
[posting]17.679.006 von INeedMoney am 25.08.05 09:47:10[/posting]Das war die Richtige Entscheidung
billiger konnte mann nicht einsteigen
billiger konnte mann nicht einsteigen
[posting]17.679.192 von INeedMoney am 25.08.05 09:58:51[/posting]zu 0,26€ wir alles eingesammelt warum bloß ich sage nur 100% diese Woche
Die 100 % haben wir ja schon lange erreicht
Aber auf 0,3 springt sie heute sicher noch (und wenn die Amis erst eröffnen )
[posting]17.679.322 von Cineast82 am 25.08.05 10:09:03[/posting]FFm ASK 0,27€
[posting]17.679.310 von Cineast82 am 25.08.05 10:08:20[/posting]Schau Dir bitte den US-Chat an
Das ist erst der Anfang und wir können nächste Woche schon bei 1$ stehen
Das ist erst der Anfang und wir können nächste Woche schon bei 1$ stehen
[posting]17.679.322 von Cineast82 am 25.08.05 10:09:03[/posting]Zwischen 0,25-0,26€ wird alles eingesammelt
und wieder wurden 20.000Stck eingesammelt
jetzt über 20.000Stck gekauft
RT 0,249€
RT 0,248 € billiger kann man nicht kaufen
Ist das Medikament so gut wie die behaupten???
Oder alles nur Fantasie???
Oder alles nur Fantasie???
Aber hallo was ist jetzt los jetzt fallen se wieder
FFm Volumen 302.017Aktien
[posting]17.680.161 von Sleeples am 25.08.05 11:12:56[/posting]Hier wollen noch ganz viele billig rein Achtung Kurs unter USA wer jetzt nicht kauft ist selber schuld
Kurs wurde mit 7000Stck gedrückt
weil jemand 25.000Stck kaufen will
weil jemand 25.000Stck kaufen will
Volumen FFm 309.017 Stck
Was macht ihr euch in die Hose.
Ist doch noch alles im grünen Bereich.
Lässt sich gut zocken.
Ist doch noch alles im grünen Bereich.
Lässt sich gut zocken.
Für alle die sich mit dem Umrechnen schwer tun:
0,33 USD (gestriger SK in den USA) = 0,2727 EUR!!!
Alles was darunter gekauft wird sind billige Einstiegschance!
Also liebe Leute greift zu und wartet nicht bis die Cowboys eröffnen, denn dann ist die 0,3 EUR Marke geschluckt!
Viel Glück
0,33 USD (gestriger SK in den USA) = 0,2727 EUR!!!
Alles was darunter gekauft wird sind billige Einstiegschance!
Also liebe Leute greift zu und wartet nicht bis die Cowboys eröffnen, denn dann ist die 0,3 EUR Marke geschluckt!
Viel Glück
[posting]17.680.308 von INeedMoney am 25.08.05 11:24:30[/posting]BID ist Auch wieder bei 0,24€
Hier wollen nur viele noch billig rein und deshalb wird gedrückt
Hier wollen nur viele noch billig rein und deshalb wird gedrückt
[posting]17.680.376 von Cineast82 am 25.08.05 11:31:14[/posting]Ich will ja kaufen, man lässt mich aber nicht
Eigenartig
seit 5 Minuten ist eine Kauforder von mir raus mit Limit 0,25 (12 T). Da stehen doch 15000 im Ask und ich werde nicht bedient. Was ist da los?
Eigenartig
seit 5 Minuten ist eine Kauforder von mir raus mit Limit 0,25 (12 T). Da stehen doch 15000 im Ask und ich werde nicht bedient. Was ist da los?
[posting]17.680.414 von emsiwgsus am 25.08.05 11:34:20[/posting]WO in FFm oder in BB ???
Hier das Wichtigste:
Zukünftige mit Hilfe des neuen Wirkstoffes heilbare
Virusinfektionen:
• Masern (Morbilli)
Röteln (Rubeolen)
• Windpocken (Zoster)
• Gürtelrose (Herpes-Zoster)
• Herpes simplex
• Pocken (Variola)
• Mumps (Parotis epidemica)
• Grippe (Influenza)
• Grippaler Infekt – Erkältungskrankheit
• Pfeiffer - Drüsenfiber (infektiöse Mononukleose)
• Hepatitis A, B, C, D und E
• Kinderlähmung (Poliomyelitis)
• Tollwut (Lyssa, Rabies)
• Maul- und Klauenseuche (Stomatitis epidemica)
• AIDS (HIV)
Da brauch ich gar nicht überlegen, und lege nochmal nach
Zukünftige mit Hilfe des neuen Wirkstoffes heilbare
Virusinfektionen:
• Masern (Morbilli)
Röteln (Rubeolen)
• Windpocken (Zoster)
• Gürtelrose (Herpes-Zoster)
• Herpes simplex
• Pocken (Variola)
• Mumps (Parotis epidemica)
• Grippe (Influenza)
• Grippaler Infekt – Erkältungskrankheit
• Pfeiffer - Drüsenfiber (infektiöse Mononukleose)
• Hepatitis A, B, C, D und E
• Kinderlähmung (Poliomyelitis)
• Tollwut (Lyssa, Rabies)
• Maul- und Klauenseuche (Stomatitis epidemica)
• AIDS (HIV)
Da brauch ich gar nicht überlegen, und lege nochmal nach
[posting]17.680.376 von Cineast82 am 25.08.05 11:31:14[/posting]Ich rechne heute mit Eröffnung mit 0,36$
Das liegt daran, dass sich vielleicht jemand anderes früher auf die 0,25 "gesetzt" hat und der wird dann zuerst bedient. aber keine angst, deine order kommt auch och dran!
Kopf hoch
Kopf hoch
[posting]17.680.426 von BRBa am 25.08.05 11:35:15[/posting]FFM!!!
BID 0,0245€
[posting]17.680.451 von emsiwgsus am 25.08.05 11:37:01[/posting]Jetzt hast Du Sie
RT 0,25€
RT 0,25€
Na endlich,
meins
meins
[posting]17.680.479 von emsiwgsus am 25.08.05 11:39:28[/posting]Unsere Rakete startet jetzt
Das Ding sollte doch trots der letzten Tage weiter abgehen. Noch hat die grosse Mass nicht Lunte gerochen. Erst 1 Thread bei WO und noch geringes Volumen in USA
Was schätz ihr was der heutige tag bringt???
Was schätz ihr was der heutige tag bringt???
Volumen jetzt schon 323.017 Stck
ASK 0,26€
Was der heutige tag bringt?
Zuerst mal durch viele postinge den einstieg in die TOP TEN bei den meist diskutierten aktien, dann neue Treads, die breite (Zocker) Masse wird aufmerksam, steigt hoffentlich/sicherlich noch vor 15.30 ein, die Amis sehen unsere Kursvorgabe und erhöhen mit steigendem Volumen den Kurs!
So wäre der Tag doch perfekt!
Andere Meinungen?
Zuerst mal durch viele postinge den einstieg in die TOP TEN bei den meist diskutierten aktien, dann neue Treads, die breite (Zocker) Masse wird aufmerksam, steigt hoffentlich/sicherlich noch vor 15.30 ein, die Amis sehen unsere Kursvorgabe und erhöhen mit steigendem Volumen den Kurs!
So wäre der Tag doch perfekt!
Andere Meinungen?
[posting]17.680.544 von Cineast82 am 25.08.05 11:44:14[/posting]Alles Richti 1 setzen
Berlin geht es auch ASK wieder los 0,26€
Berlin geht es auch ASK wieder los 0,26€
Naja, ob das alles richtig ist, sehen wir um spätestens 16 - 17h
Aber so falsch kanns nicht sein
Aber so falsch kanns nicht sein
Interessiert euch die Story? Also etwas zu deren Forschungsgebiet um die Wirkstoffgruppe der Trioxolane??
Wenn ja recherchier ein bisserl und arbeite es für den "Laien" auf
Wenn ja recherchier ein bisserl und arbeite es für den "Laien" auf
[posting]17.680.627 von Cineast82 am 25.08.05 11:50:49[/posting]Schau Dir bitte mal den US-Chart an
Da gibt es bald keinen Wiederstand mehr
Da gibt es bald keinen Wiederstand mehr
Hallo es geht lossssssssssssss
BID 60.000Stck
ASK 25.000Stck
BID 60.000Stck
ASK 25.000Stck
Die 10000 Stück sind mir
Gleich fliegt der Deckel.
[posting]17.680.703 von BRBa am 25.08.05 11:57:01[/posting]Das wollte ich auch gerade sagen
BID immer Stärker
ist ja auch günstig jetzt zu kaufen
und nicht zu warten
BID immer Stärker
ist ja auch günstig jetzt zu kaufen
und nicht zu warten
Volumen jetzt 338.017 Stck
0,3 EUR vor 15.30h
Was meint ihr!
Ich denke das sollte drinnen sein, wenn hier noch einige 100k über den ladentisch wandern!
Ich für meinen Teil hab schon einwenig in der Tasche und villeicht leg ich auch noch nach, sollten die Amis mit uns an einem Strang ziehen,........
Was meint ihr!
Ich denke das sollte drinnen sein, wenn hier noch einige 100k über den ladentisch wandern!
Ich für meinen Teil hab schon einwenig in der Tasche und villeicht leg ich auch noch nach, sollten die Amis mit uns an einem Strang ziehen,........
[posting]17.680.780 von cancom am 25.08.05 12:00:29[/posting]Wieviel Aktie gibt es von der Firma
Bei Wo schon Platz 27
[posting]17.680.820 von Cineast82 am 25.08.05 12:03:11[/posting]0,29 vor Eröffnung
0,33 um 20.00 Uhr
Morgen wieder + 10% Eröffnung
ich lege gleich nochmal nach
0,33 um 20.00 Uhr
Morgen wieder + 10% Eröffnung
ich lege gleich nochmal nach
Berlin zieht auch an
Für 0,24 wird man wohl keine mehr bekommen.
ich muss wohl aus dem ASK kaufen
ich muss wohl aus dem ASK kaufen
[posting]17.680.946 von cancom am 25.08.05 12:13:56[/posting]Gib mal 0,25€ in FFm ein vielleicht klappt es !!!
dann steigt der Kurs wenigsten!
Wieviele Stk. möchtest du denn aus dem Ask kaufen?
Wieviele Stk. möchtest du denn aus dem Ask kaufen?
[posting]17.680.946 von cancom am 25.08.05 12:13:56[/posting]0,25€ klappt nicht Sorry aber 0,255€ müßte gehen
kauf 10.000Stk. zu 0,3 denn
1. Wirst du dann sicher bedient und
2. Wird der Kurs einwenig nachziehen
Also hopp auf
1. Wirst du dann sicher bedient und
2. Wird der Kurs einwenig nachziehen
Also hopp auf
An beiden Börsen 25 zu 26.
P.S. Nur unter 25 Cents kann man mit der dritten Nachkommastelle handeln.
P.S. Nur unter 25 Cents kann man mit der dritten Nachkommastelle handeln.
UP´s
das habe ich auch gerade gemerkt.
ich warte......
das habe ich auch gerade gemerkt.
ich warte......
Hallo cancom,
das Unternehmen hat keine eigene Forschung sondern lediglich einen für 205.900 US$ gekauften Wirkstoff, dem du aber für die nachfolgenden Virusinfektionen die heilende Wirkung attestierst?
Zukünftige mit Hilfe des neuen Wirkstoffes heilbare
Virusinfektionen:
• Masern (Morbilli)
Röteln (Rubeolen)
• Windpocken (Zoster)
• Gürtelrose (Herpes-Zoster)
• Herpes simplex
• Pocken (Variola)
• Mumps (Parotis epidemica)
• Grippe (Influenza)
• Grippaler Infekt – Erkältungskrankheit
• Pfeiffer - Drüsenfiber (infektiöse Mononukleose)
• Hepatitis A, B, C, D und E
• Kinderlähmung (Poliomyelitis)
• Tollwut (Lyssa, Rabies)
• Maul- und Klauenseuche (Stomatitis epidemica)
• AIDS (HIV)
Die stellen ja Amgen, Biogen, OSI und Gilead zusammen in den Schatten..
das Unternehmen hat keine eigene Forschung sondern lediglich einen für 205.900 US$ gekauften Wirkstoff, dem du aber für die nachfolgenden Virusinfektionen die heilende Wirkung attestierst?
Zukünftige mit Hilfe des neuen Wirkstoffes heilbare
Virusinfektionen:
• Masern (Morbilli)
Röteln (Rubeolen)
• Windpocken (Zoster)
• Gürtelrose (Herpes-Zoster)
• Herpes simplex
• Pocken (Variola)
• Mumps (Parotis epidemica)
• Grippe (Influenza)
• Grippaler Infekt – Erkältungskrankheit
• Pfeiffer - Drüsenfiber (infektiöse Mononukleose)
• Hepatitis A, B, C, D und E
• Kinderlähmung (Poliomyelitis)
• Tollwut (Lyssa, Rabies)
• Maul- und Klauenseuche (Stomatitis epidemica)
• AIDS (HIV)
Die stellen ja Amgen, Biogen, OSI und Gilead zusammen in den Schatten..
[posting]17.681.133 von bioperformer am 25.08.05 12:28:25[/posting]Wieviele Aktien sind im freien Handel
[posting]17.681.133 von bioperformer am 25.08.05 12:28:25[/posting]für weiter informationen
les mal presseportal.de
http://www.presseportal.de/story_rss.htx?nr=716089
les mal presseportal.de
http://www.presseportal.de/story_rss.htx?nr=716089
Volumen 349.017 Stck
[posting]17.680.946 von cancom am 25.08.05 12:13:56[/posting]Kauf zu 0,26€ ansonsten mußt Du vielleicht nachher noch mehr bezahlen
und wo steht jetzt da was von deinen aufgelisteten Krankheiten?
Nur mal so ganz am Rande: Das ist nicht so ganz ungefährlich was du da betreibst wenn du solche Behauptungen in den Raum stellst.
Stichwort: HEPATITIS-A-B
(wenn das einer von GlaxoSmithKline oder SINOVAC liest bekommt er einen Lachanfall)
Wenn dich da einer der vielen, die hier noch finanziell kräftig Federn lassen werden festnagelt wegen dem, was du da so öffentlich verbreitest könntest du evtl. nicht unerhebliche Probleme bekommen.
Nur mal so ganz am Rande: Das ist nicht so ganz ungefährlich was du da betreibst wenn du solche Behauptungen in den Raum stellst.
Stichwort: HEPATITIS-A-B
(wenn das einer von GlaxoSmithKline oder SINOVAC liest bekommt er einen Lachanfall)
Wenn dich da einer der vielen, die hier noch finanziell kräftig Federn lassen werden festnagelt wegen dem, was du da so öffentlich verbreitest könntest du evtl. nicht unerhebliche Probleme bekommen.
Wir sind jetzt bei WO auf Platz 16
[posting]17.681.556 von bioperformer am 25.08.05 12:58:54[/posting]Lieber Bioperformer,
du solltest auch alles lesen und nicht nur die hälfte.
Bitte keine Belehrungen die haben hier nichts zu suchen.
Kauf oder Verkauf, mir egal.
Zu Risiken und Nebenwirkungen was den Handel mit Aktien angeht solltest Du deinen ...... Fragen
"" Ich komme mir hier vor wie im Wartezimmer beim Arzt und um 15.30 gehts los"
du solltest auch alles lesen und nicht nur die hälfte.
Bitte keine Belehrungen die haben hier nichts zu suchen.
Kauf oder Verkauf, mir egal.
Zu Risiken und Nebenwirkungen was den Handel mit Aktien angeht solltest Du deinen ...... Fragen
"" Ich komme mir hier vor wie im Wartezimmer beim Arzt und um 15.30 gehts los"
BID wird immer voller
Volumen in FFm jetzt 359.517 Stck
[posting]17.680.946 von cancom am 25.08.05 12:13:56[/posting]Hast du Deine nun bekommen
Nicht Berlin vergessen
auch 143.000 STk
auch 143.000 STk
Platz 16 ???
Am Abend stehen wir locker unter den TOP TEN, da es ja fast keine beiträge von gestern gibt, die aus den letzte 24h rausfallen können und somit zählt fast jedes posting hier zur heutigen Rangliste!
Am Abend stehen wir locker unter den TOP TEN, da es ja fast keine beiträge von gestern gibt, die aus den letzte 24h rausfallen können und somit zählt fast jedes posting hier zur heutigen Rangliste!
[posting]17.681.756 von cancom am 25.08.05 13:18:12[/posting]Berlin zieht an
10.000/ 5000
da wollen noch welche billig rein
10.000/ 5000
da wollen noch welche billig rein
[posting]17.681.740 von BRBa am 25.08.05 13:17:16[/posting]Noch nicht,
war gerade beim Arzt....
Bin jetzt aber in lauer Stellung....
war gerade beim Arzt....
Bin jetzt aber in lauer Stellung....
Berlin jetzt auch 0,25€
[posting]17.681.783 von cancom am 25.08.05 13:20:41[/posting]billiger wird es nicht mehr das müßtest Du ja wissen
Noch 2 Stunden bis zur Eröffnung in den USA und wer sich auskennt, weiss daß die Eröffnung höher ausfallen wird als der gestrige Schlusskurs.
Zumindest deutet alles daraufhin. Der Aufwärtstrend ist ungebrochen und wenn der Widerstand bei 0,25 gebrochen ist, gibts kein halten mehr.
Zumindest deutet alles daraufhin. Der Aufwärtstrend ist ungebrochen und wenn der Widerstand bei 0,25 gebrochen ist, gibts kein halten mehr.
[posting]17.681.877 von INeedMoney am 25.08.05 13:30:22[/posting]Mein Tipp zur Eröffnung 0,36$ Da ist der Kurz in D ein witz mit 0,25
Es wird eingesammelt
FFm Volumen jetzt 364.517 Stck
FFm Volumen jetzt 364.517 Stck
Jetzt gehts los
20.000 im Bit zu 0,26
20.000 im Bit zu 0,26
Aber Hallo es geht lossssssssssssss
BID steigt an in FFm 0,25/0,26€
40.000/ 20.000
BID steigt an in FFm 0,25/0,26€
40.000/ 20.000
[posting]17.681.984 von cancom am 25.08.05 13:39:23[/posting]Volumen jetzt 394.017 Stck
Kurs 0.27
Ask jetzt 0,29
das geht aber schnell
Ask jetzt 0,29
das geht aber schnell
Ask zu 0,30 Cents.
Der Deckel ist regelrecht weggesprengt worden
Der Deckel ist regelrecht weggesprengt worden
Rt 0,27€
ASK 0,29€
ASK 0,29€
Kurs 0,28 RT
RT 0,28€€€€€€€€€€€
BID ist jetzt ganz groß
BID ist jetzt ganz groß
Für 0,25 ist nichts mehr da
selbst für 0,26 wird jetzt schwierig
Kurs 0,28 TH noch vor USA
selbst für 0,26 wird jetzt schwierig
Kurs 0,28 TH noch vor USA
In Frankfurt liegen 50k zu 0,26 im Bid.
FFM Volumen jetzt 427.717 Stck
50.000/ 20.000
50.000/ 20.000
[posting]17.682.056 von cancom am 25.08.05 13:45:56[/posting]Hast Du noch nachgekauft ???
Wie gesagt, vor USA stehen wir bei 0,29 und dann ab auf 0,33
[posting]17.682.094 von BRBa am 25.08.05 13:49:13[/posting]
[posting]17.682.120 von cancom am 25.08.05 13:51:28[/posting]
RT 0,28€ Volumen 430.717 Stck
Kurs wird noch einwenig gedrückt
Kurs wird noch einwenig gedrückt
[posting]17.682.120 von cancom am 25.08.05 13:51:28[/posting]jetzt Platz 12 bei WO
Ich hab mir den Handel in USA genaustens angeschaut.
Die Ask-Seite ist realtiv dünn, sodaß der TH von gestern (0,35 $) gleich bei der Eröffnung überschritten werden könnte.
Dann gnade uns Gott.
Die Ask-Seite ist realtiv dünn, sodaß der TH von gestern (0,35 $) gleich bei der Eröffnung überschritten werden könnte.
Dann gnade uns Gott.
leute ..bisschen mehr vorsicht wäre angebrachter......
amis schon 150% im Plus und es ist Donnerstag...vor dem Wochenende nehmen die ihre Gewinne mit..das ist kein bashen sondern ein sehr realistischer heutiger Verlauf...mir tun diejenigen leid, die durchs gepushe jetzt noch rein sind....diejenigen, die früh genug rein sind, werden sicherlich profit machen....den anderen wünsche ich Glück...werde warten bis amis vom lunch zurück sind...
amis schon 150% im Plus und es ist Donnerstag...vor dem Wochenende nehmen die ihre Gewinne mit..das ist kein bashen sondern ein sehr realistischer heutiger Verlauf...mir tun diejenigen leid, die durchs gepushe jetzt noch rein sind....diejenigen, die früh genug rein sind, werden sicherlich profit machen....den anderen wünsche ich Glück...werde warten bis amis vom lunch zurück sind...
[posting]17.682.183 von INeedMoney am 25.08.05 13:58:29[/posting]Das sage ich doch es gibt dan keinen Wiederstand mehr
[posting]17.682.200 von dezonga am 25.08.05 13:59:55[/posting]Gewinnmitnahmen waren Gestern Abend schon warum steigen vielen Aktien auch am Freitag wenn alle verkaufen
[posting]17.682.200 von dezonga am 25.08.05 13:59:55[/posting]Daß uns ein gesunder Gegenbewegung ansteht, steht ausser Zweifel.
Im moment befinden wir uns aber in einer intakten Aufwärtsbewegung.
Nur sollte jeder wissen, daß je höher der Kurs steht desto größer die Gefahr einer Korrektur auch ist.
Im moment befinden wir uns aber in einer intakten Aufwärtsbewegung.
Nur sollte jeder wissen, daß je höher der Kurs steht desto größer die Gefahr einer Korrektur auch ist.
[posting]17.682.200 von dezonga am 25.08.05 13:59:55[/posting]Beantworte doch mal meine Frage Danke
Volumen jetzt 450.717 Stck in ffm
[posting]17.682.430 von BRBa am 25.08.05 14:18:47[/posting]Tja anscheinend wollte der gute dezonga nur billig rein, wenn er jetzt nicht mehr antwortet.
Daß es an der Börse riskant zugeht, das sollte jedem bewusst sein der dort handelt. Und wer blauäugig kauft ohne sich des Risikos bewusst zu sein, ist ander Börse fehl am Platz.
Daß es an der Börse riskant zugeht, das sollte jedem bewusst sein der dort handelt. Und wer blauäugig kauft ohne sich des Risikos bewusst zu sein, ist ander Börse fehl am Platz.
P.S. noch weniger als eine Stunde bis zur Eröffnung. Die Spannung steigt.
[posting]17.682.645 von INeedMoney am 25.08.05 14:35:20[/posting]ist schon komisch wenn mann eine 1/2 Stunde für eine Antwort braucht
Bid 60.000 0,25
Ask 10.000 0,27
Ask 10.000 0,27
[posting]17.682.865 von cancom am 25.08.05 14:49:59[/posting]
Der Kurs wird bestimmt fallen heute
Der Kurs wird bestimmt fallen heute
[posting]17.682.977 von BRBa am 25.08.05 14:57:10[/posting]Der Kurs muss fallen, noch vor der Eröffnung
auf 0,22
Der Kurs kann nur fallen
auf 0,22
Der Kurs kann nur fallen
[posting]17.683.160 von cancom am 25.08.05 15:07:58[/posting]
Platz 11 bei WO
noch 15 Minuten
Warum schmeist nich einer 60.000 Aktien für 0,25 damit das Bid bedient wird? dann könnte der Kurs in rutschen kommen.
[posting]17.683.308 von cancom am 25.08.05 15:17:47[/posting]Haste schon Kurs von USA ??
[posting]17.683.371 von BRBa am 25.08.05 15:22:40[/posting]Habe RT nur hier
Hat einer hier RT USA ?
Hat einer hier RT USA ?
[posting]17.683.409 von cancom am 25.08.05 15:24:53[/posting]Toller Profi
0,295 $ zu 0,33 $
[posting]17.683.449 von INeedMoney am 25.08.05 15:27:42[/posting]DANKE
[posting]17.683.435 von BRBa am 25.08.05 15:27:07[/posting]Kann mir hier einer mal einen Dienst für OTCBB RT-Kurse empfehlen (Bei Scottrader braucht man eine US-Residenz, wenn ich das richtig gesehen habe). Möglichst günstig und ohne "Handelsplattform". Möchte nur die OTCBB-Realtimekurse
Danke
Danke
[posting]17.683.470 von emsiwgsus am 25.08.05 15:29:12[/posting]ich bin bei scottrader und wohne in deutschland
0,31-0,33$
Aha Kurs in USA scheint zu steigen
FFM taxt hoch:
Geld
0,260
Brief
0,270
Zeit
25.08.05 15:32:44
Geld Stk.
30.000
Brief Stk.
40.000
FFM taxt hoch:
Geld
0,260
Brief
0,270
Zeit
25.08.05 15:32:44
Geld Stk.
30.000
Brief Stk.
40.000
Wahr wohl nix bis jetzt. Kurs bleibt erstmal stabil um Vortageskurs
[posting]17.683.670 von emsiwgsus am 25.08.05 15:40:19[/posting]das ist doch erstmal gut
Abwarten...
Bid steigt schon wieder jetzt 30.000 zu 0,25
Bid steigt schon wieder jetzt 30.000 zu 0,25
BID steigt
30.000/20.000
30.000/20.000
Hat keiner US-RT-Kurse??
bin erstmal raus jungs.
warte ab wie sich der kurs entwickelt.
allen viel glück
warte ab wie sich der kurs entwickelt.
allen viel glück
Letzter Kurs 0,31
31 zu 33
31 zu 33
[posting]17.683.813 von emsiwgsus am 25.08.05 15:50:01[/posting]RT 0,31$ 7500Stck
Bin auch erst mal raus.
Bin ab 0,20 wieder dabei.
Viel Glück allen anderen.
Bin ab 0,20 wieder dabei.
Viel Glück allen anderen.
Hallo macht Ihr euch in die Hosen wegen 2 Cent
halte erst mal und warte die heutige Kursentwicklung ab. In den USA wird das Papier noch wenig gehandelt
entweder steig ich dann aus oder leg nach
entweder steig ich dann aus oder leg nach
[posting]17.684.025 von BRBa am 25.08.05 16:03:00[/posting]Das sind bei dem Kurs fast 10 %
hallo,
kauft ruhig alle auf die empfehlung ein,wer heute nicht rausgeht,steht morgen im minus.
kauft ruhig alle auf die empfehlung ein,wer heute nicht rausgeht,steht morgen im minus.
diese Trioxolane oder Trioxane sind von der Natur abgekupfert. DIe Chinesen haben die Substanz 1971 entdeckt.
New Compounds Fight Malaria, Prostate Cancer
Agents that mimic Chinese herbal remedy kill parasites, cancer cells
TUESDAY, Aug. 24 (HealthDayNews) -- Several new compounds modeled on an ancient Chinese folk remedy show promise in fighting malaria and some forms of cancer, according to researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.
"Preliminary data show that our laboratory-synthesized compounds have a therapeutic index -- the measure of a drug`s safety and efficacy -- that is better, in some cases, many times better, in rodents than the drugs currently considered the gold standard for chemotherapy of both malaria and prostate cancer," Gary Posner, Scowe Professor of Chemistry at Hopkins` Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, said in a prepared statement.
New Compounds Fight Malaria, Prostate Cancer
Agents that mimic Chinese herbal remedy kill parasites, cancer cells
TUESDAY, Aug. 24 (HealthDayNews) -- Several new compounds modeled on an ancient Chinese folk remedy show promise in fighting malaria and some forms of cancer, according to researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.
"Preliminary data show that our laboratory-synthesized compounds have a therapeutic index -- the measure of a drug`s safety and efficacy -- that is better, in some cases, many times better, in rodents than the drugs currently considered the gold standard for chemotherapy of both malaria and prostate cancer," Gary Posner, Scowe Professor of Chemistry at Hopkins` Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, said in a prepared statement.
Artemisinin ist ein bekanntes Trioxan
Cumming JN, Ploypradith P, Posner GH: Antimalarial activity of artemisinin (qinghaosu)
and related trioxanes: mechanism(s) of action. Adv Pharmacol 37:253-297, 1997.
and related trioxanes: mechanism(s) of action. Adv Pharmacol 37:253-297, 1997.
Short Name Global Immune Technologies
Company Name Global Immune Technologies, Incorporated
Address 650 West Georgia Street
Suite 1680
Vancouver BC
CN
Phone (604) 687-7544
Company Name Global Immune Technologies, Incorporated
Address 650 West Georgia Street
Suite 1680
Vancouver BC
CN
Phone (604) 687-7544
[posting]17.685.306 von emsiwgsus am 25.08.05 17:32:08[/posting]Kurs hält sich doch super
geht weiter abwärts so ein sch.....
[posting]17.685.757 von Sleeples am 25.08.05 18:05:14[/posting]da wird doch nur gedrückt kaum Umsatz
Bitte mal den RT Kurs von den AMIS!
Herzlichen Dank
Herzlichen Dank
Macht euch nicht in die Hose! Die Amis kommen schon wieder ins Plus,...............
Es geht losssssssss
RT 0,30$
RT 0,30$
was geht los ?????
@BrBA
hast du zu dem RT Kurs auch eien Handelsvolumen!
Ich denke auch dass nach dem kurzen Durchschnaufen die Aktie jetzt bei den Amis den nächsten Sprung macht!
und somit morgen auch die Deutschen wieder unter "Kaufzwang" stehen (und wir sind schon gut eingedeckt )
hast du zu dem RT Kurs auch eien Handelsvolumen!
Ich denke auch dass nach dem kurzen Durchschnaufen die Aktie jetzt bei den Amis den nächsten Sprung macht!
und somit morgen auch die Deutschen wieder unter "Kaufzwang" stehen (und wir sind schon gut eingedeckt )
[posting]17.686.354 von Cineast82 am 25.08.05 18:51:08[/posting]Bis jetzt gibt e keinerlei News zu dem Unternehmen. Weiss jemand welche Technologie das Unternehmen patentiert hat??
Zitat:
Berlin (ots) - Im aktuellen PENNYSTOCK REPORT empfehlen die
Analysten die Global Immune Technologies Inc. (WKN: A0EAKE / ISIN:
CA37945V1013), einen Anbieter innovativer Heilungsmethoden und
Heilungsprozesse für unzählige virale Erkrankungen durch die Nutzung einer patentierten Technologie.
Zitat:
Berlin (ots) - Im aktuellen PENNYSTOCK REPORT empfehlen die
Analysten die Global Immune Technologies Inc. (WKN: A0EAKE / ISIN:
CA37945V1013), einen Anbieter innovativer Heilungsmethoden und
Heilungsprozesse für unzählige virale Erkrankungen durch die Nutzung einer patentierten Technologie.
[posting]17.686.354 von Cineast82 am 25.08.05 18:51:08[/posting]gerade mal 3003 shares um 12:33
was soll da losgehen?
was soll da losgehen?
Haben die früher Software vermarktet?????
(quelle: otcbb.com)
OTCBB Company Profile
GIMUF - GLOBAL IMMUNE TECHS Click here to order Full Report
Global Immune Technologies Inc.
828 West 7th Avenue
Vancouver, BC V5Z 1C1
Canada
Phone: (604) 633-1972
Fax: 604-688-6944
Don Perks, PR/CEO/DIR
SIC Number: 7371
Fiscal Year End: 03-31
Industry: Computers-Software/Services
Transfer Agent: Pacific Corporate Trust Company
Market Maker List
Share Data
Authorized Outstanding
Date Shares Source Date Shares Source
10/15/2004 100,000,000 SEDAR 09/30/2004 16,195,642 SEDAR
Business Summary
Global Immune Technologies Inc has an interest in a software development, training and consulting company, Lute Linux.com, which is currently inactive. In the prior year, the Company?s business was the operation of an internet sports contest web site, Prosporspool.com, and prior to that the Company?s business focus has been the acquisition and exploration of resource properties.
* The Company has not yet determined whether the sole resource property in which it retains an interest contains mineral reserves that are economically recoverable.
Symbol
Symbol Name Expiration Date
GIMUF Global Immune Technologies Inc
SCVWF Secureview Systems Inc 05/03/2005
SCVWE Secureview Systems Inc 10/14/2004
SCVWF Secureview Systems Inc (1-5 R/S) 10/05/2004
SCVWE Secureview Systems Inc (1-5 R/S) 10/16/2003
SCVWF Secureview Systems Inc (1-5 R/S) 10/10/2003
ICKEF Secureview Systems Inc. 10/29/2001
COZ American Comstock Exploration Ltd 01/04/2001
AEK American Comstock Exploration Ltd 08/11/1997
(quelle: otcbb.com)
OTCBB Company Profile
GIMUF - GLOBAL IMMUNE TECHS Click here to order Full Report
Global Immune Technologies Inc.
828 West 7th Avenue
Vancouver, BC V5Z 1C1
Canada
Phone: (604) 633-1972
Fax: 604-688-6944
Don Perks, PR/CEO/DIR
SIC Number: 7371
Fiscal Year End: 03-31
Industry: Computers-Software/Services
Transfer Agent: Pacific Corporate Trust Company
Market Maker List
Share Data
Authorized Outstanding
Date Shares Source Date Shares Source
10/15/2004 100,000,000 SEDAR 09/30/2004 16,195,642 SEDAR
Business Summary
Global Immune Technologies Inc has an interest in a software development, training and consulting company, Lute Linux.com, which is currently inactive. In the prior year, the Company?s business was the operation of an internet sports contest web site, Prosporspool.com, and prior to that the Company?s business focus has been the acquisition and exploration of resource properties.
* The Company has not yet determined whether the sole resource property in which it retains an interest contains mineral reserves that are economically recoverable.
Symbol
Symbol Name Expiration Date
GIMUF Global Immune Technologies Inc
SCVWF Secureview Systems Inc 05/03/2005
SCVWE Secureview Systems Inc 10/14/2004
SCVWF Secureview Systems Inc (1-5 R/S) 10/05/2004
SCVWE Secureview Systems Inc (1-5 R/S) 10/16/2003
SCVWF Secureview Systems Inc (1-5 R/S) 10/10/2003
ICKEF Secureview Systems Inc. 10/29/2001
COZ American Comstock Exploration Ltd 01/04/2001
AEK American Comstock Exploration Ltd 08/11/1997
wir werden wieder im plus schließen Kurs wird nach 20Uhr anziehen
[posting]17.686.778 von BRBa am 25.08.05 19:32:38[/posting]Warum bist du dir da so sicher ??
was glaubst du was ist ein realistisches KZ ???
was glaubst du was ist ein realistisches KZ ???
[posting]17.686.778 von BRBa am 25.08.05 19:32:38[/posting]Diese Sprüche hört man bei jedem OTCBB Wert. geh mal in andere Foren
nach 20:00 wird alles gut
also ich bin hier eher mittelfristig interesssiert.
nach 20:00 wird alles gut
also ich bin hier eher mittelfristig interesssiert.
wieso meinst du "dann wird wieder alles gut"
Es ist doch alles gut! nicht perfekt, aber wird sind doch in GER im Plus! PASTA
Es ist doch alles gut! nicht perfekt, aber wird sind doch in GER im Plus! PASTA
[posting]17.686.832 von emsiwgsus am 25.08.05 19:37:29[/posting]bei vielen hast Du recht aber z.B PlanetLink oder Seamless da stieg der Kurs ab 21Uhr sehr schnell nach oben
Ob das bei Global auch so ist weiß ich auch nichtGestern 150%plus und heute 9% minus das ist doch nicht viel oder ???
Ob das bei Global auch so ist weiß ich auch nichtGestern 150%plus und heute 9% minus das ist doch nicht viel oder ???
Bei nden Amis geht auch nix weiter
AHA Filings lesen bildet:
Hier die für mich wichtigste Stelle:
6. Subsequent Events
On February 1, 2005 the company reached an agreement in principle to acquire
all rights to and interest in a drug, Trioxolane ( the “Technology”), including all patents
and other intellectual property relating to the technology, The use of Trioxolane is
patented in the USA and in other countries. The purchase price is $ 205,900,000 USD which
is payable by the issuance of 100 million common shares without par value of
Secureview Systems Inc. and is subject to the shareholders of Secureview approving both
the acquisition and the increase of the company’s authorized share capital.
Man die hatten ein bewegtes Leben:
B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW
From its incorporation in 1985 until 1999, the Company has been engaged
in the business of exploration of natural resource properties. The Company
currently holds a 100% interest in the Hail-Harper Creek property nears
Kamloops, B.C.
In early 1999, in the face of an ongoing recession in the natural
resource sector, the Company initiated a search for other business opportunities
which culminated in May, 1999 the acquisition of the domain name
ProSportsPool.com. In January 2000, the Company entered into an agreement with
Internet Sports Network Inc. to develop and maintain a number of internet based
games and contest. Internet Sports Network eventually developed "Fantasy Free
for All" software and back end support for Nascar, Formula One, Cart series,
Baseball and Hockey contests for ProSportsPool.com
The Company launched the ProSportsool.com website on March 1, 2000 with
"Fantasy Free for All" Formula 1 and NASCAR Contests. The launch of the website
was accompanied by a marketing campaign that included print, billboard, and
internet-banner advertising. In March 21, 2000, the Company engaged Iceberg
Media.com Inc. to provide three music channels - 1Groove.com, 2Kool4Radio.com
and PrimeTicket.net - for the ProSportsPool.com website. The ProSportsPool.com
website added a fantasy baseball contest, and an affiliation with Altavista.com
on March 27, 2000. At the beginning of April 2000, the Company launched its
internet hockey contest and announced its inaugural contest winners in its
auto-racing contests. The Company also announced its has become an authorized
member of the Cnet.com affiliate network and has formed similar affiliations
with Chipshot.com, Wrenchead.com, Quokka.com and America Online.
To increase awareness of the ProSportspool.com website, the Company
participated at the G.I. Joe 200 CART race in Portland, Oregon as well as the
Toronto and Vancouver Indy races by appearing at a booth at the races signing up
contestants and offering prizes to entrants.
On January 15, 2001, due to the closing of Internet Sports Network
Inc., which provides the technical architecture and sports data for the
ProSportsPool.com`s sports contests, the Company was forced to discontinue its
sports-contest site.
As of June 28, 2001, the Company entered into a letter of intent with
Argent Resources Ltd., On-Track Computer Training Ltd., On-Track Computer
International Ltd. and Lute Linux.com Corp. whereby Argent assigned its right to
10
enter into a share exchange agreement with Lute who has the option to enter into
a share exchange agreement with On-Track and On-Track International. In exchange
for the assignment by Argent to the Company of the share exchange agreement
entered into between Lute and Argent, the Company will issue 3,600,000 share to
Argent and pay to Argent $50,000 to cover legal expenses. Prior to closing this
transaction, the Company will enter into separate share exchange agreements with
each of On-Track, On-Track International and Lute. These share exchange
agreements will result in the Company receiving all of the issued and
outstanding securities of On-Track, On-Track International and Lute in exchange
for common stock of the Company.
As of October 24, 2001, the Company signed a Share Crystallization
Agreement with Lute Linux.com Corp. pursuant to the rights to do so as assigned
to the Company by Argent Resources Ltd. on June 28, 2001. The agreement was
completed under amended terms, which included the issuance of 2,000,000 shares
to Argent instead of 3,600,000 shares and the exchange of Lute share purchase
warrants for Company shares at a deemed value of $0.10 US per share, as to Russ
Rossi (100,000 shares), RRGS Creative Management Corp. (2,400,000 shares) and
Quest Ventures Ltd. (175,000 shares). The Company did not proceed with similar
share purchase agreements with On-Track Computer Training Ltd. and related
company On-Track Computer International Ltd. as originally contemplated due to
market conditions. Lute focused its business development on its "Fedcam," an
inexpensive remote monitoring system that allows subscribers to view their
target locations via secure website. The Fedcam was being tested by the Canadian
government`s construction branch on its Osoyoos, British Columbia border
crossing site into the United States. However, as of March 31, 2003, the Company
ceased funding the Fedcam and the asset was written down to a nominal amount.
As of June 25, 2002, the Company entered into a letter of intent with
Estwind Energy, a private power company incorporated in Estonia, whereby the
Company intended to acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of Estwind
Energy in exchange for 2,731,728 shares of the Company, which was equivalent to
20% of the currently issued and outstanding common shares of the Company. Upon
completion of the share exchange agreement, Estwind Energy was to become a
wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. However, the Company decided against
completing the share exchange agreement as the business of Estwind Energy was
deemed to not be profitable.
As of May 30, 2003, the Company entered into a letter of intent with
P-CE Computers, Inc., a private Nevada corporation, engaged in the business of
developing revolutionary, ergonomic and powerful multimedia-computing
environments (workstations). The Company intended to acquire all of the issued
and outstanding shares of P-CE Computers, Inc. in exchange for 2,500,000 shares
of the Company, which was equivalent to approximately 18% of the currently
issued and outstanding common shares of the Company. However, the Company
decided against completing the share exchange agreement as due diligence
indicated that the business of P-CE Computers, Inc. would not be profitable.
11
As of September 3, 2003, the Company entered into a letter of intent
with TNR Resources Ltd. ("TNR"), a public British Columbia, Canada company, to
enter into a formal agreement whereby the Company will acquire an option to
purchase a 50% working interest in TNR`s Las Carachas Property in Argentina.
The Company did not pursue the option,
CASH RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
As of March 31, 2004, the Company had approximately $2,580 in cash and
a working capital deficiency of approximately $662,000.
STATED BUSINESS OBJECTIVES
The Company is seeking appropriate business opportunities and as identified will
pursue the acquisition thereof.
PRINCIPAL PRODUCTS
None.
Hier die für mich wichtigste Stelle:
6. Subsequent Events
On February 1, 2005 the company reached an agreement in principle to acquire
all rights to and interest in a drug, Trioxolane ( the “Technology”), including all patents
and other intellectual property relating to the technology, The use of Trioxolane is
patented in the USA and in other countries. The purchase price is $ 205,900,000 USD which
is payable by the issuance of 100 million common shares without par value of
Secureview Systems Inc. and is subject to the shareholders of Secureview approving both
the acquisition and the increase of the company’s authorized share capital.
Man die hatten ein bewegtes Leben:
B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW
From its incorporation in 1985 until 1999, the Company has been engaged
in the business of exploration of natural resource properties. The Company
currently holds a 100% interest in the Hail-Harper Creek property nears
Kamloops, B.C.
In early 1999, in the face of an ongoing recession in the natural
resource sector, the Company initiated a search for other business opportunities
which culminated in May, 1999 the acquisition of the domain name
ProSportsPool.com. In January 2000, the Company entered into an agreement with
Internet Sports Network Inc. to develop and maintain a number of internet based
games and contest. Internet Sports Network eventually developed "Fantasy Free
for All" software and back end support for Nascar, Formula One, Cart series,
Baseball and Hockey contests for ProSportsPool.com
The Company launched the ProSportsool.com website on March 1, 2000 with
"Fantasy Free for All" Formula 1 and NASCAR Contests. The launch of the website
was accompanied by a marketing campaign that included print, billboard, and
internet-banner advertising. In March 21, 2000, the Company engaged Iceberg
Media.com Inc. to provide three music channels - 1Groove.com, 2Kool4Radio.com
and PrimeTicket.net - for the ProSportsPool.com website. The ProSportsPool.com
website added a fantasy baseball contest, and an affiliation with Altavista.com
on March 27, 2000. At the beginning of April 2000, the Company launched its
internet hockey contest and announced its inaugural contest winners in its
auto-racing contests. The Company also announced its has become an authorized
member of the Cnet.com affiliate network and has formed similar affiliations
with Chipshot.com, Wrenchead.com, Quokka.com and America Online.
To increase awareness of the ProSportspool.com website, the Company
participated at the G.I. Joe 200 CART race in Portland, Oregon as well as the
Toronto and Vancouver Indy races by appearing at a booth at the races signing up
contestants and offering prizes to entrants.
On January 15, 2001, due to the closing of Internet Sports Network
Inc., which provides the technical architecture and sports data for the
ProSportsPool.com`s sports contests, the Company was forced to discontinue its
sports-contest site.
As of June 28, 2001, the Company entered into a letter of intent with
Argent Resources Ltd., On-Track Computer Training Ltd., On-Track Computer
International Ltd. and Lute Linux.com Corp. whereby Argent assigned its right to
10
enter into a share exchange agreement with Lute who has the option to enter into
a share exchange agreement with On-Track and On-Track International. In exchange
for the assignment by Argent to the Company of the share exchange agreement
entered into between Lute and Argent, the Company will issue 3,600,000 share to
Argent and pay to Argent $50,000 to cover legal expenses. Prior to closing this
transaction, the Company will enter into separate share exchange agreements with
each of On-Track, On-Track International and Lute. These share exchange
agreements will result in the Company receiving all of the issued and
outstanding securities of On-Track, On-Track International and Lute in exchange
for common stock of the Company.
As of October 24, 2001, the Company signed a Share Crystallization
Agreement with Lute Linux.com Corp. pursuant to the rights to do so as assigned
to the Company by Argent Resources Ltd. on June 28, 2001. The agreement was
completed under amended terms, which included the issuance of 2,000,000 shares
to Argent instead of 3,600,000 shares and the exchange of Lute share purchase
warrants for Company shares at a deemed value of $0.10 US per share, as to Russ
Rossi (100,000 shares), RRGS Creative Management Corp. (2,400,000 shares) and
Quest Ventures Ltd. (175,000 shares). The Company did not proceed with similar
share purchase agreements with On-Track Computer Training Ltd. and related
company On-Track Computer International Ltd. as originally contemplated due to
market conditions. Lute focused its business development on its "Fedcam," an
inexpensive remote monitoring system that allows subscribers to view their
target locations via secure website. The Fedcam was being tested by the Canadian
government`s construction branch on its Osoyoos, British Columbia border
crossing site into the United States. However, as of March 31, 2003, the Company
ceased funding the Fedcam and the asset was written down to a nominal amount.
As of June 25, 2002, the Company entered into a letter of intent with
Estwind Energy, a private power company incorporated in Estonia, whereby the
Company intended to acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of Estwind
Energy in exchange for 2,731,728 shares of the Company, which was equivalent to
20% of the currently issued and outstanding common shares of the Company. Upon
completion of the share exchange agreement, Estwind Energy was to become a
wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. However, the Company decided against
completing the share exchange agreement as the business of Estwind Energy was
deemed to not be profitable.
As of May 30, 2003, the Company entered into a letter of intent with
P-CE Computers, Inc., a private Nevada corporation, engaged in the business of
developing revolutionary, ergonomic and powerful multimedia-computing
environments (workstations). The Company intended to acquire all of the issued
and outstanding shares of P-CE Computers, Inc. in exchange for 2,500,000 shares
of the Company, which was equivalent to approximately 18% of the currently
issued and outstanding common shares of the Company. However, the Company
decided against completing the share exchange agreement as due diligence
indicated that the business of P-CE Computers, Inc. would not be profitable.
11
As of September 3, 2003, the Company entered into a letter of intent
with TNR Resources Ltd. ("TNR"), a public British Columbia, Canada company, to
enter into a formal agreement whereby the Company will acquire an option to
purchase a 50% working interest in TNR`s Las Carachas Property in Argentina.
The Company did not pursue the option,
CASH RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
As of March 31, 2004, the Company had approximately $2,580 in cash and
a working capital deficiency of approximately $662,000.
STATED BUSINESS OBJECTIVES
The Company is seeking appropriate business opportunities and as identified will
pursue the acquisition thereof.
PRINCIPAL PRODUCTS
None.
Es gibt ein Haufen Patente (33 seit 1976). Wahrschenilich sind die von Stephen Herman (9341 Hazel Ctr., Villa Park, CA 92667), die die gekauft wurden von GIMUF (Vermutung s.u.). Sie stammen alle Anfang der 90er Jahre und es geht va. um Retroviren also HIV(das war ja im Report genannt).
Ein Beispiel:
Medical uses of trioxolane and diperoxide compounds
Abstract
The present invention provides a method of medical treatment for a medical condition in a mammal. In this method, a pharmacologically effective amount for treatment of the condition of a trioxolane or a diperoxide of a non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon is applied to the mammal. The invention also provides methods of modulating the immune system in a mammal, of treating inflammation of a tissue in a mammal, and of treating bacterial, fungal, protozoal and viral infections in a mammal.
Inventors: Herman; Stephen (Jupiter Island, FL)
Assignee: Cliveden Ltd. (Nassau, BS)
Appl. No.: 195983
Filed: February 14, 1994
Ein Beispiel:
Medical uses of trioxolane and diperoxide compounds
Abstract
The present invention provides a method of medical treatment for a medical condition in a mammal. In this method, a pharmacologically effective amount for treatment of the condition of a trioxolane or a diperoxide of a non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon is applied to the mammal. The invention also provides methods of modulating the immune system in a mammal, of treating inflammation of a tissue in a mammal, and of treating bacterial, fungal, protozoal and viral infections in a mammal.
Inventors: Herman; Stephen (Jupiter Island, FL)
Assignee: Cliveden Ltd. (Nassau, BS)
Appl. No.: 195983
Filed: February 14, 1994
Hier da jüngste, die früheren Patente umfassende Patent von stephen Herman:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to trioxolane and diperoxide compounds. More particularly, it relates to formation of these compounds from unsaturated hydrocarbons and pharmaceutical preparations including these compounds for treating or preventing medical conditions. It also relates to methods of treating or preventing medical conditions using the trioxolane and diperoxide compounds.
A trioxolane compound is herein defined as a compound of the general structure: ##STR1## wherein R and R` represent the same or different organic moleties. The indicated carbons may also have additional organic moiety branches.
A diperoxide compound is herein defined as a compound of the general structure: ##STR2## wherein R and R` represent the same or different organic moleties. The indicated carbons may also have additional organic moiety branches.
Procedures for ozonating oil-soluble compounds are known in the art, being disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 925,590 to Neel, U.S. Pat. No. 2,083,572 to McKee, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,451,480 to De Villez. However, not all ozonation reactions result in the production of trioxolane and diperoxide compounds. The production of such compounds from unsaturated hydrocarbons is disclosed in Murray et al., "Ozonolysis: Formation of Cross Diperoxides" and Criegee et al, "Fragmentation of Ozonides by Solvents," both in Ozone Reactions with Organic Compounds, Advances in Chemistry Series 112, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1972). The disclosures of these two references are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference thereto.
Ozonation of olefins is generally recognized in terms of a mechanism postulated by Criegee, supra. This mechanism provides that ozone reacts with an unsaturated bond to form an initial, unstable primary ozonide (R--C--O.sub.3 --C--R`). This primary ozonide readily decomposes to form a zwitterion and a carbonyl fragment. These fragments can then combine to give a trioxolane compound. Under other conditions, the zwitterion may dimerize to form a riperoxide derivative.
The prior art discloses that some particular types of ozonated chemical compositions have certain pharmacological activities. However, as far as Applicants can ascertain, none of these compositions appear to have been prepared in a manner likely to result in the formation of substantial quantities of diperoxide or trioxolane compounds.
In U.S. Pat. No. 925,590, Neel discloses the use of ozonated hydrocarbons for inhalation therapy, because it was believed to have a therapeutic effect for consumption and asthma. Even had the ozonation system of Neel resulted in the formation of substantial quantities of diperoxide or trioxolane compounds, such compounds have very low vapor pressures. Thus, only insubstantial quantities of riperoxide or trioxolane compounds would be expected to be found in vapor.
Knox, U.S. Pat. No. 1,210,949 discloses ozonation of castor oil in order to produce a laxative. Ozonation of the oil was believed to reduce its toxicity and create a germicidal effect. In order to produce substantial quantities of riperoxide or trioxolane compounds using the method disclosed by Knox, temperatures approaching -50.degree. C. using a very dilute solution would be required.
Johnson, U.S. Pat. No. 2,356,062 discloses the use of ozonides of glycerine trioleates for external application, because it was believed that those particular triglycerides had a germicidal, fungitidal, and deodorizing effect. The methods of Johnson, for reasons described above in connection with the Patent to Knox, are also not believed to result in the production of significant quantities of diperoxide or trioxolane compounds.
DeVillez, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,451,480 and 4,591,602, discloses use of ozonides of certain fatty acids, including olive oil, sesame oil, jojoba oil, castor oil, and peanut oil, for external use as antimicrobial agents, particularly in the treatment of ache. It is believed that at least some of these compounds cause unacceptable skin irritation. DeVillez discloses ozonation at 35.degree.-65.degree. C., a temperature at which diperoxides and trioxolanes are not expected to be formed in substantial quantities.
Accordingly, so far as can be determined, none of the medical uses of ozonated compounds described in the prior art have ever made use of substantial quantities of trioxolane or diperoxide compounds. Moreover, none of the prior art ozonated compounds appears to have ever been commercialized for medical applications. Presumably, this lack of commercialization is due to unacceptable side-effects, toxicity, difficulties in storage, or minimal effectiveness. Many of these various compositions decompose on standing.
Immunomodulation offers an opportunity to treat a variety of medical conditions. For example, both infections and neoplasms can be treated by increasing the immune response thereto. Some allergic reactions and other auto-immune responses can also be treated through immunomodulation. However, there are few effective immunomodulatory therapies known; and many of the known immunomodulatory therapies produce untoward side effects. Thus, there is a need for safe and effective immunomodulatory treatment.
At any one time, it is estimated that 1/3 of all women are suffering from bacterial or fungal vaginal infection. The only presently available treatments are time consuming and the medications used are irritating to mucous membranes. Thus, there is a need for a relatively non-irritating, safe, and effective composition for treatment of these infections.
Genital herpes lesions and Herpes simplex lesions are notoriously resistant to treatment. These viral infections inflict a significant percentage of the population, and there is, at present, no known cure. Thus, a need exists for compositions that can treat herpes lesions in at least a palliative manner to minimize the discomfort suffered by those suffering from these diseases.
Chicken pox (Herpes zoster) is a common childhood disease, for which no vaccine is currently known. Lesions of chicken pox cause itching, and may lead to permanent disfigurement, if scratched. Since the disease strikes mainly children, who are unable to resist scratching, the need exists for compositions that can anti-pruritically treat chicken pox lesions to minimize disfigurement caused by the disease.
External fungal infections, such as athletes foot and onychomycosis (fungal infections of the nails), afflict a large portion of the human population. Similar fungal infections afflict a large percentage of the animal population. Current treatments for external fungal infections are irritating to sensitive individuals, and not always effective. In addition, onychomycosis is difficult to treat, and its incidence appears to be on the rise with the advent of acrylic and other adhesively-mounted artificial nails. Therefore, a need exists for a relatively non-irritating, effective treatment for these infections.
Indolent neoplasms of the skin, such as warts and moles, also afflict a large portion of the human and animal population. Current over-the-counter medications are not always effective, and the only effective therapy in some instances is to have the neoplasms frozen or burned off, necessitating a doctor`s visit. Thus, a need exists for a treatment which is effective, and which can be applied by the patient or owner of the afflicted animal.
Steroidal medications are currently in widespread use to relieve the discomforts of bee stings, insect bites, and other dermatoses, such as those caused by psoriasis, poison oak, or poison ivy. While these medications are sometimes effective, their long term use can result in side effects, including thinning of the skin, sleeplessness, physical deformation, improper fat deposition, dependency, and others. Thus, there is a need for an effective alternative medication for these ailments.
Symptoms of sunburn can range from mild discomfort to severe burns. This condition occasionally affects virtually the entire population. Current treatments do little more than mask the pain associated with this condition. Products which prevent sunburn, when applied prior to exposure, are currently available. However, there is no product currently available which prevents sunburn symptoms or alleviates the severity of sunburn when applied after exposure to the sun. Many people carelessly or inadvertently expose themselves to the sun without using protective sunscreens. Thus, a need exists for a product that can prevent sunburn after exposure to the sun.
In the treatment of severe burns, prevention of dehydration and infection in the burned patient are major concerns. Currently used therapies for severe burns which address these concerns are often irritating to sensitive, burned tissues. Thus, there is a need for a method of treating burns that is non-irritating, yet still effective against both dehydration and infection.
Many adolescents and young adults suffer from acne. Many compounds are currently available to treat ache, with variable effectiveness. The most effective compositions currently known to treat ache use active oxygen to kill the bacteria which are, in part, responsible for the condition. These include benzoyl peroxide. However, these compositions are sometimes irritating, do not always deliver enough oxygen for optimal effectiveness, and can cause drying of the skin. Thus, a need exists for a non-desiccating, effective, and non-irritating treatment for acne.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including herpes, syphilis, gonorrhea and AIDS, are endemic in today`s society. Condoms are currently the most effective means of preventing the transmission of these diseases. However, condoms are not 100% effective. A need, therefore, exists for preparations which increase the effectiveness of condoms in preventing the transmission of STDs.
Both topical and systemic Leishmaniasis are widespread throughout the tropical areas of the world. Presently, at least 4,000,000 people are know to be infected with a parasite which causes one of these conditions. No totally effective therapies are known. Accordingly, a clear need is evident for an effective treatment or therapy for these diseases.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One aspect of the present invention provides a method of medical treatment for a medical condition in a mammal. The method includes the application to the mammal of a pharmacologically effective amount for treatment of the condition, of a trioxolane or a diperoxide of a non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon. The application can advantageously parenteral, topical or other method known to those of ordinary skill in the art. In certain preferred embodiments, the non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon is either 3-hexene-1-ol or erucic acid.
Other aspects of the present invention provide a method of modulating the immune system of a mammal, a method of treating bacterial infections in a mammal, a method of treating fungal infections in a mammal, a method of treating protozoal infections in a mammal, a method of treating viral infections in a mammal, and a method of treating inflammation of a tissue in a mammal. Each of these methods includes applying a pharmacologically effective amount of a trioxolane or a diperoxide of a non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon to the mammal in an amount effective to produce the desired treatment. These methods can also include hydrolyzing the trioxolane or diperoxide derivative to produce a therapeutic molecule having a therapeutic effect on the mammal. Preferably, this therapeutic molecule comprises a carbonyl zwitterion. A variety of medical conditions can be treated using these methods. For example, HIV infection, fungal diseases of the skin, bacterial diseases of the skin, impetigo, paronychia, viral diseases of the skin (such as herpes infection, venereal warts, and common warts), dermatological conditions (such as eczema, psoriasis, insect bites, coral bums, jellyfish stings, poison oak, seborrheic dermatitis and burns), dental or oral conditions (such as pharyngitis, tooth ache, halitosis, canker sores and gingivitis), and hemorrhoids can all be treated with these methods. The non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon used in these methods can be any of a number of such compounds, such as erucic acid or 3-hexene-1-ol.
The present invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of a medical condition in a mammal. These compositions include a pharmaceutically effective amount for treatment of the condition, of a trioxolane or a diperoxide of a non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon in a pharmaceutically acceptable, non-aqueous carrier. Certain preferred forms of these compositions are toothpaste, mouthwash, rectal or vaginal suppositories, topical preparations, and forms suitable for sublingual application or parenteral administration. The composition can also be applied to a condom or be made in combination with soap.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of preventing sexually transmitted infections or preventing pregnancy in a mammal. This method includes application to the genitals of the mammal of a trioxolane or diperoxide derivative of an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating cancer in a mammal having cancer, comprising the application to the mammal of a pharmacologically effective amount for treatment of cancer, of a trioxolane or a diperoxide of a non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon. In certain preferred embodiments of this method the method is used to treat a mammal that has a cancer such as adenocarcinoma of the lung, Hodgkin`s Disease, or lymphoma.
The present invention also includes a method of treating rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis or inflammatory polyarthritis in a mammal. This method includes identifying a mammal having one of the conditions, and applying a trioxolane or a diperoxide of an unsaturated hydrocarbon to the mammal.
Still other aspects of the present invention provide methods of treating topical or systemic leishmaniasis, chronic fatigue syndrome or lupus erythematosus in a mammal. These methods include identifying a mammal having the indicated condition and applying a trioxolane or a diperoxide of an unsaturated hydrocarbon to the mammal. In a similar aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of treating a physical wound to a tissue of a mammal. This aspect of the invention includes identifying a mammal having a wound to a tissue thereof, and applying a trioxolane or a diperoxide of an unsaturated hydrocarbon to the tissue. This method can also include preventing scar formation through application of a trioxolane or a diperoxide of an unsaturated hydrocarbon to the tissue.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Starting Materials
Terpene hydrocarbons are also known as isoprenoids, because they may generally be constructed from isoprene units (C--C.dbd.C--C.dbd.C). Thus, terpene hydrocarbons are usually exact multiples of C.sub.5 H.sub.8. Terpenes are classified according to the number of isoprene units of which they are composed, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
______________________________________
1 hemi- 5 ses-
2 mono- 6 tri-
3 sesqui- 8 tetra-
4 di- n poly-
______________________________________
While not limiting the scope of the invention, examples of terpenes which can prove especially effective, when used in certain preferred methods of the present invention include limonene, citronella, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, Vitamin A, linalool, linalyl acetate, and squalene. Other compounds which are believed to make pharmacologically active terpene trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives in accordance with the present invention include geraniol, limonene, alpha-pinene, loganin, cymene, farnesanes, eudesmanes, acoranes, cedranes, chamigranes, caryophyllanes, illudanes, humulenes, himachalenes, longifolanes, perhydroazulenes, quaianes, quaianolides, and germacranes. Still other compounds which are believed to make pharmacologically active terpene trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives in accordance with the present invention include labdanes, clerodanes, abietic acid, phyllocladene, giberellins, ophiobolin A, retigeranic acid, gasgardic acid, lanosterol, euphol, oleanane, ursane, lupeol, hydroxyhopanone, lupanes, and hopanes. Other particular terpene compounds which are believed to make pharmacologically active terpene trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives when prepared in accordance with the present invention include B-selinene, zingibene, camphene, sabinene, ocimene, myrcene, nerol, citral A, citral B, farnesol, bisabolene, phytol, and cecropia hormone. Trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives of terpenes have three or four oxygen atoms respectively replacing the double bonds at sites of unsaturation, creating a trioxyacydopentane referred to herein as a trioxolane derivative. We have now discovered that pharmacologically active compounds can be produced through ozonation of both terpene and non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbons under conditions which lead to the formation of substantial quantities of trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives thereof.
Methods of Synthesis
In the preparation of trioxolane and diperoxide derivatives, the particular terpene or non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon starting material is first obtained. A large and representative number of terpene and non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon starting material compounds are disclosed in the literature and/or are commercially available.
In the trioxolane or diperoxide compound synthesis, ozone is passed through the unsaturated hydrocarbon starting material under conditions that provide for intimate contact between the starting material and the ozone, such as thin film procedures,` sparging, gas entrainment procedures, and the like. On a small scale, for example, the unsaturated hydrocarbon is placed in a vented vessel, and ozone is sparged through the material until the reaction is complete.
Trioxolane derivatives are generally favored in the ozonation of unsaturated hydrocarbons. However, diperoxide derivatives are generally produced from trans isomers of asymmetric compounds and from hydrocarbon compounds having sites of unsaturation including a tertiary carbon. When compounds which tend to produce diperoxide derivatives are used in the ozonation reaction, slightly higher temperatures can be tolerated in order to produce the diperoxides. Thus, these compounds can be ozonated at temperatures up to 35.degree. C. The ozonation of compounds which tend to produce trioxolane derivatives should generally be undertaken at temperatures less than 25.degree. C. in order to produce substantial quantities of the derivatives.
It is important to use a proper combination of solvent and temperature in order to generate substantial quantities of trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives. For generation of substantial quantities, it is generally important to dissolve the starting material in a nonpolar solvent. Preferably, the starting material is present in a concentration of 3M or less, and more preferably, in a concentration of 0.01M to 1M. Also, as stated above, temperatures below 35.degree. C. are generally required. More preferably, the temperature used with highly non-polar solvents, such as hexane, pentane, or chloroform, is in the range from -150.degree. C. to +25.degree. C. Still more preferably, the temperature used is in the range from -78.degree. C. to -30.degree. C.
The ozone may advantageously be generated with any of the commercially-available ozone generators. Such devices include corona discharge tubes through which oxygen gas may be passed. For example, pure oxygen gas passing through an ozone generator will typically leave the device as from 2% to 6% O.sub.3 (ozone), with the remainder O.sub.2. This ozone mixture may then be sparged through the terpene or non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon starting material at a preferred temperature until the reaction is complete. Completion may be judged by analyzing the gas exiting the ozonation chamber for ozone. (This may be done by passing the exit gas through aqueous potassium iodide and determining whether iodine gas is liberated, or by any other conventional technique.) Alternatively, the reaction may be followed by observing the weight gain of the material undergoing the reaction, by observing changes in physical characteristics (such as conversion from a liquid form to a soft paste), or by simply calculating the quantity of ozone needed to fully ozonate the material and stopping the reaction when a slight excess of ozone has passed through the reaction chamber.
When the starting material is normally a solid, such as .beta.-carotene, it may be solubilized in any suitable saturated nonaqueous solvent system prior to ozonation. With all of the diperoxide and trioxolane compounds, it is desirable to exclude water, lower alcohols, nucleophilic peroxides, and proton donors from the reaction mixture and from the final composition, in order to prevent premature hydrolysis of the trioxolane or diperoxide structure.
The following example shows a representative protocol for production of trioxolane and diperoxide derivatives of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
EXAMPLE 1
Protocol for Production of Trioxolane and Diperoxide Derivatives
Ozone was prepared with an ozone generator. Dry oxygen containing about 10% ozone was introduced at a speed of 10-20 liters/hour in an unsaturated hydrocarbon solution. This solution consisted of the cis isomer of the hydrocarbon in dry and olefin free butane, pentane or n-hexane as solvent. After ozonation, the solvent was removed at 30.degree. C. under rotation. The residue was either distilled/n vacuo or purified by column chromatography on silica gel. The results for various unsaturated hydrocarbons of the general structure RCH.dbd.CHR` are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
______________________________________
Conc.
R R` Solvent (M) T (.degree.C.)
Yield (%)
______________________________________
t-butyl
t-butyl pentane 0.3 -75 82
isopropyl
isopropyl
pentane 1.0 -70 85
ethyl ethyl pentane 0.2 -30 88
methyl methyl butane 0.2 -30 72
isopropyl
methyl pentane 1.0 -70 86
ethyl methyl pentane 1.0 -70 91
propyl methyl pentane 1.0 -70 92
t-butyl
methyl pentane 1.0 -70 81
t-butyl
ethyl pentane 1.0 -70 84
______________________________________
In addition to compounds of the structure RCH.dbd.CHR`, we have also subjected cyclooefins to ozonation using the general protocol of Example 1. Such cyclooefins can be ozonated at a concentration of 3.0M in n-hexane at -70.degree. C. to produce a yield of approximately 96%. However, the product of ozonation of cyclooefins tends to be peroxide derivatives and/or insoluble polymers of trioxolanes in inactive solvents, such as pentane. Soluble trioxolane compounds can be formed from cycloolefins using active solvents such as ethyl acetate or acetone. The active solvent will enter into the resulting trioxolane composition to produce a soluble monomer.
Acyclic conjugated dienes and other polyunsaturated hydrocarbons can also be ozonated to yield pharmaceutically active compounds for use within the scope of the present invention. For example, acyclic conjugated dienes can be dissolved in pentane at 0.8M at a temperature of -780.degree. C. to produce a yield of approximately 74%.
Procedures other than ozonation are also known which can result in the production of either the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives. For example, non-ozonation procedures for the production of methyl ethyl ketone diperoxide, diethyl ketone diperoxide, 1,1-dimethyl-4,4-diethyl-2,3,4,5-tetroxacyclohexane and 1,4,4-trimethyl-1-ethyl2,3,5,6-tetraoxacyclohexane are described in Murray et at., supra.
EXAMPLE 2
Examination of Conditions for Production of Trioxolane and Diperoxide Derivatives
The ozonation protocol of DeVillez (U.S. Pat. No. 4,451,480) and that of Example 1 were each used on a sample of erucic acid methyl ester (a non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon) and on a sample of jojoba oil (a terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon). In the DeVillez protocol neat samples were ozonated at ambient temperature (approximately 20.degree. C.). In the Example 1 protocol, 3% samples in chloroform were ozonated at -30.degree. C. Trioxolanes and diperoxides have a greater dipole moment than the unozonated compounds which substantially increases their retardation factor (R.sub.f) upon chromatography. Thus, after ozonation, all four samples and a sample of each of the unozonated compounds were chromatographed according to the method described by DeVillez using chloroform as a mobile phase and high performance silica gel as the stationary phase. The resulting plates were charred with iodine for identification. The results are shown in Table 3
TABLE 3
______________________________________
Compound R.sub.f
______________________________________
Unozonated Erucic Acid Methyl Ester
0.9
Ozonated Erucic Acid Methyl Ester (DeVillez)
0.8, 0.9
Ozonated Erucic Acid Methyl Ester (Example 1)
0.4, 0.5
Unozonated Jojoba Oil 0.6
Ozonated Jojoba Oil (DeVillez)
0.5, 0.6
Ozonated Jojoba Oil (Example 1)
0.1, 0.2
______________________________________
It can be seen from the results in Table 3 that the method of DeVillez results in the formation of two spots upon chromatography, one of which appears to have the same R.sub.f as the unozonated compound, and the other of which is only slightly retarded. These two spots are believed to represent the unreacted compound and a peroxide derivative thereof (R--C--O--O--C--R`). In contrast, the method of Example 1 results in the formation of two spots, both of which are greatly retarded from the unozonated compound. These two compounds are believed to represent the trioxolane and diperoxide derivatives of the compounds.
Pharmaceutical Compositions
In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compounds of the present invention are formulated into pharmaceutical preparations. These pharmaceutical preparations include one or more of the trioxolane or diperoxide derivative compounds of the present invention, and may further include other pharmaceutically active ingredients. In addition, any of the well-known pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers or excipients may be combined with the compounds of the present invention in a well-known manner. Suitable diluents include, for example, polyethylene glycol isopropyl myristate, and mineral oil. The pharmaceutical composition may be in any form suitable for topical use, such as an ointment, gel, or cream. Conventional coloring, fragrance and preserving agents may also be provided.
The excellent weight to oxygen ratio of some of the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives of unsaturated hydrocarbons renders them especially effective in treating many medical conditions. Trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives of highly unsaturated hydrocarbons are capable of releasing large amounts of oxygen, up to 30% of the weight of the compound and more. The trioxolane derivatives have three oxygen atoms at each site of unsaturation, while the diperoxide derivatives have four oxygen atoms. In addition, the trioxolane and diperoxide derivatives used in the present invention appear to have significant unexpected pharmacological properties that are different in kind or quality from those of unrelated ozonated compounds disclosed in the prior art.
The effective dosage of the compounds of the present invention appears to be much lower than would be expected in light of the prior art, suggesting that the compounds have unexpectedly high efficacy. While the compounds may be used neat (and, indeed, some of them form pharmaceutically elegant creams or ointments, e.g., linalyl trioxolane or diperoxide derivative and linalool trioxolane or diperoxide derivative), the effective concentration for most topical applications can be as little as 0.01%, by weight. However, the compositions more preferably contain from about 0.5% or 1% to about 10% or 20% by weight active ingredient. Topical compositions containing about 2% or 3% of active ingredient appear to be particularly effective.
For systemic use, such as intravenous, intramuscular, or intraperitoneal injection, as well as rectal suppositories, the compositions may similarly contain from about 0.01% to about 99% active ingredient, by weight. Preferred systemic compositions contain from about 0.05% to about 20% active ingredient, by weight.
The present invention further includes other suitable pharmacological preparations of trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives including: medicinal douches, eardrops, eyedrops, throat sprays, sublingual preparations, dental preparations for topical sores, mouthwashes, toothpaste, armpit deodorants, disinfectant/germicidals, germicidal soaps, and contact lens sterilization solutions. In addition, in certain embodiments of the invention, the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives are applied to a condom.
Thus, Example 3-9 are provided to illustrate certain pharmaceutical compositions within the scope of the present invention. As such, these examples are not intended to limit the invention.
EXAMPLE 3
A vaginal Suppository for Treatment of Vaginitis
______________________________________
A vaginal suppository for treatment of vaginitis
______________________________________
2% w/v Ozonated linalyl acetate, from Example 2
Balance Hydrogenated vegetable oil base
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 4
A topical Gel Effective Against Burns
______________________________________
A topical gel effective against burns
______________________________________
1% w/v Geraniol trioxolane
60% w/v Carbomer 934
1% w/v Disodium edetate
10% w/v Glycerin
Balance Polyethylene glycol m.w. 400
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 5
A Toothpaste Effective Against Gingivitis
______________________________________
A toothpaste effective against gingivitis
______________________________________
1% w/v Trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol
Balance Conventional toothpaste formulation
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 6
A Topical Cream Effective Against Acne
______________________________________
A topical cream effective against acne
______________________________________
2.5% w/v Linalool trioxolane
48% w/v Propylene glycol
30% w/v Propyl paraben
5% w/v Polysorbate 60
10% w/v Glyceryl monostearate
Balance Mineral oil
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 7
A Lubricant for Condoms Effective Against the Transmission of STDs
______________________________________
A lubricant for condoms
effective against the transmission of STDs
______________________________________
0.2 g/ml Ozonated erucic acid
10% w/v Glyceryl stearate
1% w/v Food-starch modified
2% w/v Polyethylene glycol mw. 800
balance Light mineral oil
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 8
An Injectable Composition Effective Against Verrucae
______________________________________
An injectable composition effective against verrucae
______________________________________
25 mg/ml ozonated linalyl acetate from Example 2
balance Polyethylene glycol mw. 200
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 9
A Rectal Suppository Effective Against Systemic Disorders
______________________________________
A rectal suppositoxy effective against systemic disorders
______________________________________
250 mg/ml
Trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol
2 ml Pluracols (a mixture of high molecular weight poly-
ethylene glycol)
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 10
A Rectal Suppository Effective Against Systemic Disorders
______________________________________
A rectal suppository effective against systemic disorders
______________________________________
250 mg Geraniol Trioxolane
1.5 ml Cocoa butter with bees` wax
______________________________________
The toxicity of the trioxolane and diperoxide derivatives appears to be surprisingly low, in both topical and systemic use. Our preliminary data suggest that the LD.sub.50 for a representative compound, linalool trioxolane is about 3000 mg/kg in mice.
We have discovered that the trioxolane and diperoxide derivatives of terpene and non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbons of the present invention, when applied topically in suitable pharmacological compositions, are effective for treatment of bacterial, vital, protozoal and fungal infections and for treatment of a variety of inflammatory conditions.
In this regard, we have discovered that topical administration of the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives of the present invention, in a suitable composition having from about 0.1% to about 50% active ingredient by weight, preferably about 0.5% to about 20% by weight, is effective to minimize the extent and severity of Herpes simplex, genital herpes, and chicken pox lesions, when applied on incipient eruptions.
We have also discovered that vaginal administration of a composition containing the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives of the present invention, in a suitable vaginal carrier (such as a suppository, cream, gel, or foam) having from about 0.05% to about 90% active ingredient, by weight, preferably about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, is substantially non-irritating to mucous membrane tissues, and is effective to treat both bacterial and fungal vaginal infections.
Furthermore, we have discovered that topical administration of the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives of the present invention, in a suitable composition having from about 0.01% to about 99% or 100% active ingredient, by weight, preferably from about 0.1% to about 25% by weight, is effective in treating fungal infections of the skin and nails, such as athlete`s foot and onychomycosis. Similar compositions appear to have a shrinking effect on indolent neoplasms, including warts and moles.
Compositions having from about 0.01% to about 50% active ingredient, preferably about 0.1% to about 20%, are non-irritating to ache affected skin, and have exhibited a strong anti-comedonal effect when used topically on affected areas. It is believed that these compositions deliver nascent oxygen to kill anaerobic bacteria such as P. ache when the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives undergo hydrolysis. Furthermore, while it is not intended that the applicants be limited to any particular theory or mode of action, it is further believed that the particular ozonolysis fragments (such as ketones or carboxylic acids) formed by trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives upon release of oxygen have a complimentary pharmacological effect.
Moreover, our data further indicate that topical application of the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives of the present invention, after significant exposure to the ultraviolet component of sunlight, is effective in ameliorating the severity of sunburn and facilitating the healing process. Similar reduction of pain, inflammation, and blistering, and an increase in the speed of the healing process has been observed when the composition of the present invention is applied to first and second degree thermal burns on a mammal.
Based on the demonstrated antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial properties of the present compositions in vitro, and the relatively non-irritating properties of the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives, it is further believed that topical administration of the compounds of the present invention can decrease the probability of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STD`s). Thus, for example, the previously described vaginal compositions may be used alone or in conjunction with a condom to decrease the risk of infection. In this regard, the active ingredient may further advantageously be formulated into a lubricating composition of known type.
Furthermore, we have discovered that the trioxolane and diperoxide derivatives of the present invention are effective spermicides. Thus, intravaginal application thereof can serve to minimize the chances of pregnancy as well as to prevent the transmission of STD`s.
We have also discovered that topical administration of trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives in a topical preparation exhibits significant efficacy in the treatment of most dermatoses, including psoriasis and those dermatoses caused by bee stings, insect bites, poison plants such as poison oak, poison ivy, and stinging nettle, diaper rash, hives, and other reactions for which antihistamine or steroidal medications are commonly prescribed. Administration of the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives of the present invention in lieu of steroids medications is sometimes equally effective; however, side effects are considerably reduced, making therapy with trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives the more desirable treatment. The invention, however, contemplates combination therapy in some instances. Thus, in addition to an effective amount of trioxolane or diperoxide derivative, the compositions of the present invention may further include an effective amount of an antihistamine or a corticosteroid. These medications are well known, and effective dosages for the various antihistamines and corticosteroids have been established. When used together with a trioxolane or diperoxide derivative, the effective topical concentrations of these ingredients will generally be toward the lower end of the effective range in which they are presently used alone.
The present invention also includes methods of systemic and localized injection of the compositions disclosed herein, including intravascular, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and other injection techniques. Such injection may be used for treatment of viral, fungal, and bacterial infection. We have also discovered that localized injection of a trioxolane or diperoxide derivative of the present invention into a tumor has an anti-neoplastic effect.
EXAMPLE 10
Test For Efficacy Of Treatment of Sunburn
The composition of Example 4 is applied topically to only a portion of the skin surface of a severely sunburned patient in a single application, two hours after the exposure to sunlight. The treated area exhibits slight reddening, but no peeling or blistering. Only minor discomfort is apparent. The untreated area, in contrast, becomes red, blistered, and painful.
EXAMPLE 11
Test for Efficacy of Treatment of Chicken Pox
The composition of Example 6 is topically applied to a portion of the lesions on a child suffering from chicken pox. Within 1 hour, the treated lesions are significantly reduced with little or no self-induced trauma from scratching. The untreated lesions are unchanged in size, and show the effects of trauma from scratching.
EXAMPLE 12
Test For Efficacy of Treatment of Swollen Joints
Patients at a sports medicine clinic complaining of swollen knees are divided into three groups: groups A, B and C. The patients in group A receive an injection of the composition of Example 8 into the swollen knee. The patients in group B receive an injection of a placebo, the composition without active ingredient. The patients in group C receive an injection of a corticosteroidal medication. Within 12 hours the swelling in the knees of the patients in group A is significantly reduced. No change is reported in the knees of the patients of group B. The swelling in the knees of the patients of group C is also reduced, however, a significant percentage of the patients suffer inflammatory reactions.
EXAMPLE 13
Test For Efficacy of Treatment of Fungal Infections of the Vagina
The suppository of Example 3 is administered intra-vaginally to one group of patients suffering from yeast infections of the vagina. A second group of such patients receive a suppository without the active ingredient of Example 3. A third group receives a suppository containing the drug clotrimazole, a commonly used drug for treatment of fungal infections of the vagina. Every 24 hours the process is repeated. Within 2 days, the patients of the first group have no reddening of the vagina and within 7 days, a yeast culture produces negative results. The second group of patients continues to complain of itching and other common complaints of fungal infections. A yeast assay is positive. For patients in the third group, a yeast assay is negative; however, a number of these patients complain of irritation and in those patients, a significant reddening of the vagina is present.
EXAMPLE 14
In Vitro Anti-Microbial Assay of Linalool Trioxolane
A culture of E.coli was harvested with sterile saline using swabs. The number of Colony Forming Units (CFUs) per ml in the suspension was determined by Standard Plate Count Method. A working suspension of E. coli with approximately 1.0.times.10.sup.7 CFUs/ 0.1 ml was then prepared. Four aliquots of 1 ml of test ointment containing 1.0% trioxolane or diperoxide derivative of linalool were removed and place in separate sterile screw-capped tubes. Each sample was inoculated with 0.1 ml of the working suspension of E. coli to yield a final concentration of approximately 1.times.106 CFUs/1 ml of the product. The samples were stored at 20.degree.-25.degree. C. for a total of 28 days. Samples were selected at 7 day intervals to determine the number of viable CFUs present. A control with uninoculated ointment was also stored with samples selected at the same intervals. At 7 days, and all subsequent sample selections, there were less than 10 CFUs present. No CFUs were present in any control sample.
EXAMPLE 15
Primary Skin Irritation Test of Trioxolane or Diperoxide Derivative of Linalool
Six healthy New Zealand White rabbits were tested for skin irritation. Approximately four hours prior to application of the trioxolane or diperoxide derivative sample, the backs of the animals were clipped free of fur. Each rabbit received epidermal abrasions with a sterile needle at one test site while the skin at another test site remained intact. A 1.0% solution of linalool trioxolane or diperoxide derivative in isopropyl myristate was prepared. A 0.5 ml portion of the test solution was applied to each site by introduction under a double gauze layer to an area of skin approximately 1" square. The patches were covered with a nonreactive tape and the entire test site was wrapped with a binder. After 24 hours, the binders, tape, and test material were removed and the skin evaluated. The test material residue was removed with 70% isopropyl alcohol. An evaluation was also made at 72 hours after application. The reactions were scored according to the methods described in the Federal Hazardous Substances Act. The test solution had a Primary Irritation Index (PII) of 1.0. According to FHSA regulations, a material with a PII of less than 5.00 is generally not considered a primary irritant to the skin.
EXAMPLE 16
Ocular Irritation Test in the Rabbit of Linalool Trioxolane
Six healthy New Zealand White rabbits were selected for study. The rabbits` eyes were judged free of irritation prior to the study by examining with a pen light and under UV light after installation of 2% fluorescein stain. A 1% solution of the trioxolane or diperoxide derivative of linalool was prepared in isopropyl myristate. A 0.1 ml portion of this test solution was instilled into the lower conjunctival sac of one eye of each rabbit. The lids were held dosed for one second. The opposite eye of each rabbit received 0.1 ml of the isopropyl myristate, as control. Eyes were examined and the ocular reaction scored according to the "Illustrated Guide for Grading Eye Irritation by Hazardous Substances" (Appendix 1). At 24, 48, and 72 hours post dosing, the eyes were examined with a pen light and re-examined with UV light following fluorescein staining of the cornea. Under the conditions of this test, the test solution was considered a non-irritant to ocular tissues of the rabbit.
Studies on Derivatives of is Terpene and Non-Terpene Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
1. INTRODUCTION
Geraniol trioxolane, a trioxolane derivative of a terpene, was assessed on the basis of its direct biological activity against certain target organisms in vitro. In vivo assays were similarly undertaken to assess the product`s toxicity, safety, and in certain cases, efficacy. The studies were conducted using product manufactured using the synthesis protocol of Example 1, and synthesized strictly in accordance with international guidelines and specifications, especially those issued by Untied States Food and Drug Administration, United States Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, Kenya Association of Manufacturers, and Pharmacy and Poisons Board of Kenya. The preparatory process met aH requirements for the Code of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). In addition, the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol, a non-terpene, was synthesized and compared to Geraniol trioxolane for the purposes of assessing its comparative activity.
Both Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol are colorless liquids. Geraniol trioxolane is more viscous and less stable than the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1l -ol.
2. IN VITRO EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES
2.1 Effect of Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol on Leishmania donovani and Leishmania major promastigotes in vitro
2.1.1 Geraniol trioxolane
This was first diluted in PEG600 to give 250 mg/ml, and further diluted in culture medium to give a working concentration of 62.5 mg/ml. Through serial dilutions, the compound showed killing of all promastigotes up to a dilution 1:2048 within 18 hours. The controls in the same titre plate survived.
2.1.2 Trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol
This compound was first diluted to 400 mg/ml in PEG600, and further serially diluted in culture medium. The compound caused the killing of all promastigotes within 18 hours up to a dilution of 1:2.sup.8 -2.sup.9.
2.2 Effect of Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol on myeloma cell line and spermatozoa
The susceptibility of Myeloma cell line (x63 balb/c line) and human spermatozoa to both Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol was assessed. The myeloma cell line was killed within 48 hours and human spermatozoa were killed within 1 minute, at dilutions of less than 1:2.times.10.sup.10 of the working concentrations.
2.3 Effect of Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol on microorganisms
It was decided to test the direct biological activity of both Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol on microorganisms which cause common infections in our community. Thus, the following microorganisms were tested for their susceptibility to these compounds:
2.3.1 Diarrhoeal diseases
i) Salmonella spp.
ii) Shigella spp.
iii) Enteropathogenic/enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
2.3.2 Urinary tract infections: both bacteria and fungi
i) Neisseria gonorrhoea (PPNG and non-PPNG)
ii) Candida albicans
iii) Pseudomonas spp.
2.3.3 Bacteria causing respiratory tract infections
i) Klebsiella spp.
ii) Staphylococcus aureus
iii) Staphylococcus epidermidis
2.3.4 Other infections caused by bacteria
i) Proteus
ii) Achromobacter
iii) E. coli
2.3.5 Fungal infection
i) Common dematophytes
a) Trichophyton violaceurn
b) Trichophyton canis
ii) Systemic fungi
a) Cryptoccus spp.
b) Candida spp.
iii) Other general fungi
a) Phialophora verrucose
b) Penicillium spp.
2.4 Results
Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), as well as minimum bacterial concentration (MBC), of the drugs on the common pathogens were determined. Standard drugs, and in certain cases reference stains, were used as controls and for comparative purposes. Results of observations are summarized in Tables 4-6.
TABLE 5
______________________________________
MIC of Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of
cis 3-hexene-1-ol on some common pathogens in agar dilution
MIC (mg/ml)
Trioxolane
derivative of
Geraniol cis
trioxolane 3-hexene-1-ol
Organism N agar broth agar broth
______________________________________
S. aureus 10 0.15 0.78 0.12 0.62
EPEC/ETEC 5 0.62 0.56 0.031 0.62
Salmonella 3 0.31 3.12 0.007 0.15
Shigella 7 0.31 1.56 0.007 0.62
Pseudomonas
2 0.035 1.56 0.007 0.62
Candida 2 0.62 3.12 0.031 0.31
______________________________________
Note:
* numbers in parentheses indicate the lowest concentration inhibiting at
least one isolate of organisms
N = number of isolates tested
MIC = minimum inhibition concentration
EPEC/ETEC = enteropathogenic Escherichia coli/enterotoxigenic Escherichia
coli
TABLE 4
______________________________________
MIC of Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis
3-hexene-1-ol on various common pathogens
by agar diffusion method
MIC (mg/ml)
Geraniol Trioxolane derivative
Organism N trioxolane of cis 3-hexene-1-ol
______________________________________
Gram positive cocci
S. aureus 16 0.31 (0.004)*
0.25 (0.031)
S. epidermidis
14 0.31 (0.004)
0.025 (0.031)
Gram negative cocci
N. gonorrhoea
49 0.15 (0.008)
0.0035 (0.0019)
Gram negative bacilli
Salmonella 3 0.31 0.007
Shigella 7 0.31 0.25 (0.031)
EPEC/ETEC 16 0.52 (0.31)
0.25 (0.031)
Pseudomonas 2 0.035 0.007
Klebisella 1 0.017 0.007
E. coli 3 0.31 0.12
Archromobacter
1 0.62 0.06
Fungi
C. albicans 5 0.62 0.031
Tri. violaceum
1 0.31 0.15
Tri. canis 1 0.31 0.15
Cryptococcus 1 0.15 0.015
Ph. verrucose
1 0.31 0.15
Penicillium 1 0.62 0.31
______________________________________
Note:
*numbers in parentheses indicate the lowest concentration inhibiting at
least one isolate of organisms
N = number of isolates tested
MIC = minimum inhibition concentration
EPEC/ETEC = enteropathogenic Escherichia coli/enterotoxigenic Escherichia
coli
TABLE 6
______________________________________
MBC of Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis
3-hexene-1-ol on various common pathogens by broth method
MBC (mg/ml)
Geraniol Trioxolane derivative
Organism N trioxolane
of cis 3-hexene-1-ol
______________________________________
Gram positive cocci
S. aureus 10 3.12 (0.78)*
1.25
S. epidermidis
Gram negative bacilli
Salmonella 3 6.25 2.5
Shigella 7 3.12 1.25
EPEC/ETEC 5 3.12 1.25
Pseudomonas 2 3.12 1.25
Fungi
Candida 2 3.12 1.25
______________________________________
Note:
*numbers in parentheses indicate the lowest bacterial concentration for
corresponding organism
N = number of isolates tested
MBC = minimum bacterial concentration
EPEC/ETEC = enteropathogenic Escherichia coli/enterotoxigenic Escherichia
coli
It can be seen from the results summarized in Tables 4-6 that both Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol are more active than conventional drugs against commonly encountered microorganisms (in vitro). Thus, the derivatives were found effective against the following microorganisms which cause common infections:
a) diarrhea (Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., enteropathogenic/enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli)
b) urinary tract infections (Neisseria gonorrhoea, candida spp. )
c) respiratory tract infections (Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp. )
d) fungal infections (Trichophyton spp., crytococcus spp., Phialophora spp., Penicillium spp. ).
The diluent, propylene glycol, did not inhibit the growth of either bacteria or fungi. Water significantly reduces the direct bioactivity of both Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol. In comparison, 100% propylene glycol is a better diluent than water.
The trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol appears to be more active than Geraniol trioxolane, and the direct bioactivity of these drugs were better in agar than in broth methods. However, the activity of both compounds on microorganisms has no relationship with resistance and sensitivity of conventional antibiotics on bacteria. All the microorganisms tested (including both gram positive and gram negative bacteria) were uniformly sensitive to the two products.
3. IN VIVO EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES
3.1 Tolerability of mice to Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol
20g balb/c mice received various concentrations of both Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol intraperitoneally (IP). The minimum lethal dose was observed at 3g/kg. Studies on LD50 revealed that the products are highly tolerated.
3.2 Immunomodulatory Activity. of Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol
A group of 15 Balb/c mice which had been used as controls in the previous experiments on Leishmania infection were studied further to assess the activity of both Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol in the immunological status of these mice.
Bone marrow examination revealed that there was an increase in new clones of lymphocytes in mice put on either Geraniol trioxolane or the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol as compared to mice without any drug. This observation strongly suggests that both Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol are immunomodulators, a property which is of critical consideration in the treatment of diseases that are associated with immunosuppression.
3.3 Treatment of mice infected with Leishmania major
Efficacy of Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis was assessed in balb/c mice experimentally infected with Leishmania major. The compounds were used intraperitoneally (IP) and topically, and further compared to the standard anti-leishmanial regimen (Pentostam, an antimony-based formulation) and controls.
The topical preparation was formulated as an ointment containing 4 mg/ml of compound and using 0.1 ml per lesion per mouse, whereas the IP preparation contained 0.4 mg in 0.5 ml of compound per mouse. There were a total of 15 mice per treatment group.
The summary of observations is given in Table 7. It is clear that mice treated with the topical preparation responded better than those in any of the other treatment groups.
TABLE 7
______________________________________
Efficacy of Geraniol trioxolane, the trioxolane derivative of cis
3-hexene-1-ol and Pentostam in experimentally infected mice with
Leishmania major
Treatment
Group Post-Treatment Observations
n = 15/group Day 0 Day 14
______________________________________
Controls Large lesions
Lesions breaking
(infected) Palate involvement
4 dead
Pentostam Large lesions
Large lesions
(IP) breaking Palate
involvement 1 dead
Geraniol trioxolane
Large lesions
Lesions breaking
(IP) Palate involvement
4 dead
Geraniol trioxolane
Large lesions
Dry lesions
(topical) No palate involve-
ment No death
Healthy
Trioxolane derivative of cis
Large lesions
Lesions scabbed
3-hexene-1-ol 2 palate involvement
(IP) 2 dead
Trioxoiane derivative of cis
Large lesions
Lesions small and
3-hexene-1-ol dry
(topical) Animals healthy and
active No death
______________________________________
3.4 Treatment of mice infected with Leishmania donova
Balb/c mice were experimentally infected with Leishmania donova, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. The infection was viscerallzed in 3-4 weeks. Infected mice were divided into four groups of 15 mice each. One group was treated with Geraniol trioxolane, another with the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol and the third group with Pentostam. The fourth group was kept as a control group. Each medication was used at 20 mg/kg body weight and given in 0.5 ml intraperitoneal, daily doses for 5 days. The average weights of mice were 20 g each.
Mice were examined after the 5 days of treatment and every week thereafter. Indicators of response to treatment were examination of visceral organs for the parasites in autopsied mice, plus the general well-being of the living.
Preliminary results of this study indicate that both Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol perform better than Pentostam in clearing parasites from the viscera, such as the spleen.
4. CLINICAL STUDIES IN HUMANS
4.1 Clinical Studies on Candidiasis
We have begun clinical studies to assess the efficacy of Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol in the treatment of common infections, including those that are considered as common opportunistic infections in HIV-infected persons. The patients recruited in the present studies are those who volunteered themselves to participate in the studies.
Candidiasis is a particular opportunistic infection which is common in HIV infected individuals. Vaginal candidiasis is a very common infection suffered by virtually all women at one time or another. Thus, we have performed clinical studies on this fungal infection as follows:
4.1.1 25 ml of a liquid preparation containing 25 mg/ml of the product was applied three times a day in the oropharyngeal area in ten patients with oral candidiasis. The infection cleared within 5 days and did not require additional treatment.
4.1.2 Vaginal inserts were formulated and used twice a day in five female volunteers suffering from vaginal candidiasis, and a further three having both vaginal candidiasis and gram positive cocci infections. As in oral candidiasis, these infections cleared within 5 days and required no further treatment.
4.2 Clinical Studies on Systemic Infections
4.2.1 AIDS: A minimum of 10 patients have been followed over a period of from 2 to 4 years on a dosage regimen of approximately 200 milligrams daily. All patients have shown improvement and stabilization of both clinical and laboratory parameters of disease.
4.2.2 CANCER: 4 patients have been treated over a period of from 2 to 4 years. These include one Adenocarcinoma of the Lung, one Hodgkins Disease, and two Lymphomas. Patients were treated on a daily dose basis of 200 milligrams daily. In all patients, during the course of treatment, there was regression of tumor or cessation of growth of tumor, as well as improvement in clinical parameters. One patient demonstrated reinstitution of tumor growth with forced cessation of therapy. The other patients remain in remission.
4.2.3 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: 4 patients with long-standing active RA were placed on a dose of 200 milligrams daily. All patients had evidence of remission of symptoms within 2 weeks, and in all patients all evidence of active disease had cleared within 6-8 weeks. Patients have remained asymptomatic with no evidence of progression of disease for two years.
4.2.4 OSTEOARTHRITIS AND INFLAMMATORY POLYARTHRITIS: 10 patients, including those with degenerative, psoriatic and arthritis associated with chronic fatigue syndrome, as well as non-specific polyarthritis were studied. These patients were treated with a daily dose of 200 milligrams. All patients showed substantial or complete disappearance of all symptoms within 8 weeks. All patients have been maintained without symptom and without evidence of progression of disease.
4.2.5 CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME: 4 patients were treated with 200 milligrams daily. All patients showed marked improvement. All symptoms were completely or substantially cleared within 3 months.
4.2.6 LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: 1 patient with associated colitis and arthritis. All signs and symptoms of active disease cleared within 90 days with complete resolution of arthritis, colitis and reduction of ANA titer from 1:1880 down to 1:30.
4.3 Clinical Studies on Topical Diseases
4.3.1 FUNGAL, DISEASES OF SKIN: 30 patients were treated for various forms of skin fungus unresponsive to other forms of therapy. All patients had complete clearing of skin lesions within 4-6 weeks. The lesions were treated with a 3% solution of active ingredient in propylene glycol once or twice daily,
4.3.2 BACTERIAL DISEASES OF SKIN:
i) ACNE: In a series of 40 patients with chronic acne vulgaris of varying degrees of severity, a 3% solution was applied to the lesions on a daily basis. All patients shows significant or marked clearing of lesions. New lesions formed less often and cleared quickly with subsequent applications.
ii) IMPETIGO: 3 patients had complete clearing within 1 week with application of 3% solution twice daily,
iii) PARONYCHIA: 4 patients. Lesions cleared rapidly and completely in all cases within 48 hours of beginning application of 3% solution.
iv) WOUND HEALING and SCAR PREVENTION: Various surgical and non-surgical wounds were treated with a 3% solution on a daily basis. Wounds so treated were shown to heal faster, with no evidence of secondary infection and noticeable reduction in scar formation. Those persons prone to keloid formation had no evidence of keloid formation with the use of this treatment.
4.3.3 VIRAL DISEASES OF THE SKIN:
i) HERPES: 40 patients comprising herpes simplex, genitalis, zoster, ophthalmic were treated with a topical solution of 3% active ingredient in propylene glycol, and in the case of ophthalmic with a fresh 1/2% solution in saline with a small amount of propylene glycol as solubilizing agent. In all herpes genitalis and simplex cases, all lesions when treated early showed rapid cessation of viral expression and rapid clearing of lesions in most cases, without evidence of blister formation. Most lesions cleared completely within 48 hours. Lesions which had progressed to significant size prior to treatment required 3-4 days for complete resolution. Herpes zoster (5 cases), all cases showed slow progressive resolution of lesions, with complete clearing in approximately 2-6 weeks. Most lesions had been present for up over 6 months. Ophthalmic herpes (2 cases), in both cases lesions showed definite early clearing, with resolution in one case within 48 hours and the other case in 4 days.
ii) VENEREAL WARTS: 4 patients. A solution of 3% active ingredient in was applied 3 times daily with complete clearing of all lesions in 2-3 weeks.
COMMON WARTS (MULTIPLE MANIFESTATIONS): 26 patients. 10% solution was applied 2 times daily. All patients shows resolution with treatment; however, there was marked variation in time to complete clearing, depending apparently upon the type of presentation of the wart. Some warts cleared within 2 weeks, while most required several months and a few manifestations took over 1 yea
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to trioxolane and diperoxide compounds. More particularly, it relates to formation of these compounds from unsaturated hydrocarbons and pharmaceutical preparations including these compounds for treating or preventing medical conditions. It also relates to methods of treating or preventing medical conditions using the trioxolane and diperoxide compounds.
A trioxolane compound is herein defined as a compound of the general structure: ##STR1## wherein R and R` represent the same or different organic moleties. The indicated carbons may also have additional organic moiety branches.
A diperoxide compound is herein defined as a compound of the general structure: ##STR2## wherein R and R` represent the same or different organic moleties. The indicated carbons may also have additional organic moiety branches.
Procedures for ozonating oil-soluble compounds are known in the art, being disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 925,590 to Neel, U.S. Pat. No. 2,083,572 to McKee, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,451,480 to De Villez. However, not all ozonation reactions result in the production of trioxolane and diperoxide compounds. The production of such compounds from unsaturated hydrocarbons is disclosed in Murray et al., "Ozonolysis: Formation of Cross Diperoxides" and Criegee et al, "Fragmentation of Ozonides by Solvents," both in Ozone Reactions with Organic Compounds, Advances in Chemistry Series 112, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1972). The disclosures of these two references are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference thereto.
Ozonation of olefins is generally recognized in terms of a mechanism postulated by Criegee, supra. This mechanism provides that ozone reacts with an unsaturated bond to form an initial, unstable primary ozonide (R--C--O.sub.3 --C--R`). This primary ozonide readily decomposes to form a zwitterion and a carbonyl fragment. These fragments can then combine to give a trioxolane compound. Under other conditions, the zwitterion may dimerize to form a riperoxide derivative.
The prior art discloses that some particular types of ozonated chemical compositions have certain pharmacological activities. However, as far as Applicants can ascertain, none of these compositions appear to have been prepared in a manner likely to result in the formation of substantial quantities of diperoxide or trioxolane compounds.
In U.S. Pat. No. 925,590, Neel discloses the use of ozonated hydrocarbons for inhalation therapy, because it was believed to have a therapeutic effect for consumption and asthma. Even had the ozonation system of Neel resulted in the formation of substantial quantities of diperoxide or trioxolane compounds, such compounds have very low vapor pressures. Thus, only insubstantial quantities of riperoxide or trioxolane compounds would be expected to be found in vapor.
Knox, U.S. Pat. No. 1,210,949 discloses ozonation of castor oil in order to produce a laxative. Ozonation of the oil was believed to reduce its toxicity and create a germicidal effect. In order to produce substantial quantities of riperoxide or trioxolane compounds using the method disclosed by Knox, temperatures approaching -50.degree. C. using a very dilute solution would be required.
Johnson, U.S. Pat. No. 2,356,062 discloses the use of ozonides of glycerine trioleates for external application, because it was believed that those particular triglycerides had a germicidal, fungitidal, and deodorizing effect. The methods of Johnson, for reasons described above in connection with the Patent to Knox, are also not believed to result in the production of significant quantities of diperoxide or trioxolane compounds.
DeVillez, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,451,480 and 4,591,602, discloses use of ozonides of certain fatty acids, including olive oil, sesame oil, jojoba oil, castor oil, and peanut oil, for external use as antimicrobial agents, particularly in the treatment of ache. It is believed that at least some of these compounds cause unacceptable skin irritation. DeVillez discloses ozonation at 35.degree.-65.degree. C., a temperature at which diperoxides and trioxolanes are not expected to be formed in substantial quantities.
Accordingly, so far as can be determined, none of the medical uses of ozonated compounds described in the prior art have ever made use of substantial quantities of trioxolane or diperoxide compounds. Moreover, none of the prior art ozonated compounds appears to have ever been commercialized for medical applications. Presumably, this lack of commercialization is due to unacceptable side-effects, toxicity, difficulties in storage, or minimal effectiveness. Many of these various compositions decompose on standing.
Immunomodulation offers an opportunity to treat a variety of medical conditions. For example, both infections and neoplasms can be treated by increasing the immune response thereto. Some allergic reactions and other auto-immune responses can also be treated through immunomodulation. However, there are few effective immunomodulatory therapies known; and many of the known immunomodulatory therapies produce untoward side effects. Thus, there is a need for safe and effective immunomodulatory treatment.
At any one time, it is estimated that 1/3 of all women are suffering from bacterial or fungal vaginal infection. The only presently available treatments are time consuming and the medications used are irritating to mucous membranes. Thus, there is a need for a relatively non-irritating, safe, and effective composition for treatment of these infections.
Genital herpes lesions and Herpes simplex lesions are notoriously resistant to treatment. These viral infections inflict a significant percentage of the population, and there is, at present, no known cure. Thus, a need exists for compositions that can treat herpes lesions in at least a palliative manner to minimize the discomfort suffered by those suffering from these diseases.
Chicken pox (Herpes zoster) is a common childhood disease, for which no vaccine is currently known. Lesions of chicken pox cause itching, and may lead to permanent disfigurement, if scratched. Since the disease strikes mainly children, who are unable to resist scratching, the need exists for compositions that can anti-pruritically treat chicken pox lesions to minimize disfigurement caused by the disease.
External fungal infections, such as athletes foot and onychomycosis (fungal infections of the nails), afflict a large portion of the human population. Similar fungal infections afflict a large percentage of the animal population. Current treatments for external fungal infections are irritating to sensitive individuals, and not always effective. In addition, onychomycosis is difficult to treat, and its incidence appears to be on the rise with the advent of acrylic and other adhesively-mounted artificial nails. Therefore, a need exists for a relatively non-irritating, effective treatment for these infections.
Indolent neoplasms of the skin, such as warts and moles, also afflict a large portion of the human and animal population. Current over-the-counter medications are not always effective, and the only effective therapy in some instances is to have the neoplasms frozen or burned off, necessitating a doctor`s visit. Thus, a need exists for a treatment which is effective, and which can be applied by the patient or owner of the afflicted animal.
Steroidal medications are currently in widespread use to relieve the discomforts of bee stings, insect bites, and other dermatoses, such as those caused by psoriasis, poison oak, or poison ivy. While these medications are sometimes effective, their long term use can result in side effects, including thinning of the skin, sleeplessness, physical deformation, improper fat deposition, dependency, and others. Thus, there is a need for an effective alternative medication for these ailments.
Symptoms of sunburn can range from mild discomfort to severe burns. This condition occasionally affects virtually the entire population. Current treatments do little more than mask the pain associated with this condition. Products which prevent sunburn, when applied prior to exposure, are currently available. However, there is no product currently available which prevents sunburn symptoms or alleviates the severity of sunburn when applied after exposure to the sun. Many people carelessly or inadvertently expose themselves to the sun without using protective sunscreens. Thus, a need exists for a product that can prevent sunburn after exposure to the sun.
In the treatment of severe burns, prevention of dehydration and infection in the burned patient are major concerns. Currently used therapies for severe burns which address these concerns are often irritating to sensitive, burned tissues. Thus, there is a need for a method of treating burns that is non-irritating, yet still effective against both dehydration and infection.
Many adolescents and young adults suffer from acne. Many compounds are currently available to treat ache, with variable effectiveness. The most effective compositions currently known to treat ache use active oxygen to kill the bacteria which are, in part, responsible for the condition. These include benzoyl peroxide. However, these compositions are sometimes irritating, do not always deliver enough oxygen for optimal effectiveness, and can cause drying of the skin. Thus, a need exists for a non-desiccating, effective, and non-irritating treatment for acne.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including herpes, syphilis, gonorrhea and AIDS, are endemic in today`s society. Condoms are currently the most effective means of preventing the transmission of these diseases. However, condoms are not 100% effective. A need, therefore, exists for preparations which increase the effectiveness of condoms in preventing the transmission of STDs.
Both topical and systemic Leishmaniasis are widespread throughout the tropical areas of the world. Presently, at least 4,000,000 people are know to be infected with a parasite which causes one of these conditions. No totally effective therapies are known. Accordingly, a clear need is evident for an effective treatment or therapy for these diseases.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One aspect of the present invention provides a method of medical treatment for a medical condition in a mammal. The method includes the application to the mammal of a pharmacologically effective amount for treatment of the condition, of a trioxolane or a diperoxide of a non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon. The application can advantageously parenteral, topical or other method known to those of ordinary skill in the art. In certain preferred embodiments, the non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon is either 3-hexene-1-ol or erucic acid.
Other aspects of the present invention provide a method of modulating the immune system of a mammal, a method of treating bacterial infections in a mammal, a method of treating fungal infections in a mammal, a method of treating protozoal infections in a mammal, a method of treating viral infections in a mammal, and a method of treating inflammation of a tissue in a mammal. Each of these methods includes applying a pharmacologically effective amount of a trioxolane or a diperoxide of a non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon to the mammal in an amount effective to produce the desired treatment. These methods can also include hydrolyzing the trioxolane or diperoxide derivative to produce a therapeutic molecule having a therapeutic effect on the mammal. Preferably, this therapeutic molecule comprises a carbonyl zwitterion. A variety of medical conditions can be treated using these methods. For example, HIV infection, fungal diseases of the skin, bacterial diseases of the skin, impetigo, paronychia, viral diseases of the skin (such as herpes infection, venereal warts, and common warts), dermatological conditions (such as eczema, psoriasis, insect bites, coral bums, jellyfish stings, poison oak, seborrheic dermatitis and burns), dental or oral conditions (such as pharyngitis, tooth ache, halitosis, canker sores and gingivitis), and hemorrhoids can all be treated with these methods. The non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon used in these methods can be any of a number of such compounds, such as erucic acid or 3-hexene-1-ol.
The present invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of a medical condition in a mammal. These compositions include a pharmaceutically effective amount for treatment of the condition, of a trioxolane or a diperoxide of a non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon in a pharmaceutically acceptable, non-aqueous carrier. Certain preferred forms of these compositions are toothpaste, mouthwash, rectal or vaginal suppositories, topical preparations, and forms suitable for sublingual application or parenteral administration. The composition can also be applied to a condom or be made in combination with soap.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of preventing sexually transmitted infections or preventing pregnancy in a mammal. This method includes application to the genitals of the mammal of a trioxolane or diperoxide derivative of an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating cancer in a mammal having cancer, comprising the application to the mammal of a pharmacologically effective amount for treatment of cancer, of a trioxolane or a diperoxide of a non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon. In certain preferred embodiments of this method the method is used to treat a mammal that has a cancer such as adenocarcinoma of the lung, Hodgkin`s Disease, or lymphoma.
The present invention also includes a method of treating rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis or inflammatory polyarthritis in a mammal. This method includes identifying a mammal having one of the conditions, and applying a trioxolane or a diperoxide of an unsaturated hydrocarbon to the mammal.
Still other aspects of the present invention provide methods of treating topical or systemic leishmaniasis, chronic fatigue syndrome or lupus erythematosus in a mammal. These methods include identifying a mammal having the indicated condition and applying a trioxolane or a diperoxide of an unsaturated hydrocarbon to the mammal. In a similar aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of treating a physical wound to a tissue of a mammal. This aspect of the invention includes identifying a mammal having a wound to a tissue thereof, and applying a trioxolane or a diperoxide of an unsaturated hydrocarbon to the tissue. This method can also include preventing scar formation through application of a trioxolane or a diperoxide of an unsaturated hydrocarbon to the tissue.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Starting Materials
Terpene hydrocarbons are also known as isoprenoids, because they may generally be constructed from isoprene units (C--C.dbd.C--C.dbd.C). Thus, terpene hydrocarbons are usually exact multiples of C.sub.5 H.sub.8. Terpenes are classified according to the number of isoprene units of which they are composed, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
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1 hemi- 5 ses-
2 mono- 6 tri-
3 sesqui- 8 tetra-
4 di- n poly-
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While not limiting the scope of the invention, examples of terpenes which can prove especially effective, when used in certain preferred methods of the present invention include limonene, citronella, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, Vitamin A, linalool, linalyl acetate, and squalene. Other compounds which are believed to make pharmacologically active terpene trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives in accordance with the present invention include geraniol, limonene, alpha-pinene, loganin, cymene, farnesanes, eudesmanes, acoranes, cedranes, chamigranes, caryophyllanes, illudanes, humulenes, himachalenes, longifolanes, perhydroazulenes, quaianes, quaianolides, and germacranes. Still other compounds which are believed to make pharmacologically active terpene trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives in accordance with the present invention include labdanes, clerodanes, abietic acid, phyllocladene, giberellins, ophiobolin A, retigeranic acid, gasgardic acid, lanosterol, euphol, oleanane, ursane, lupeol, hydroxyhopanone, lupanes, and hopanes. Other particular terpene compounds which are believed to make pharmacologically active terpene trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives when prepared in accordance with the present invention include B-selinene, zingibene, camphene, sabinene, ocimene, myrcene, nerol, citral A, citral B, farnesol, bisabolene, phytol, and cecropia hormone. Trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives of terpenes have three or four oxygen atoms respectively replacing the double bonds at sites of unsaturation, creating a trioxyacydopentane referred to herein as a trioxolane derivative. We have now discovered that pharmacologically active compounds can be produced through ozonation of both terpene and non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbons under conditions which lead to the formation of substantial quantities of trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives thereof.
Methods of Synthesis
In the preparation of trioxolane and diperoxide derivatives, the particular terpene or non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon starting material is first obtained. A large and representative number of terpene and non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon starting material compounds are disclosed in the literature and/or are commercially available.
In the trioxolane or diperoxide compound synthesis, ozone is passed through the unsaturated hydrocarbon starting material under conditions that provide for intimate contact between the starting material and the ozone, such as thin film procedures,` sparging, gas entrainment procedures, and the like. On a small scale, for example, the unsaturated hydrocarbon is placed in a vented vessel, and ozone is sparged through the material until the reaction is complete.
Trioxolane derivatives are generally favored in the ozonation of unsaturated hydrocarbons. However, diperoxide derivatives are generally produced from trans isomers of asymmetric compounds and from hydrocarbon compounds having sites of unsaturation including a tertiary carbon. When compounds which tend to produce diperoxide derivatives are used in the ozonation reaction, slightly higher temperatures can be tolerated in order to produce the diperoxides. Thus, these compounds can be ozonated at temperatures up to 35.degree. C. The ozonation of compounds which tend to produce trioxolane derivatives should generally be undertaken at temperatures less than 25.degree. C. in order to produce substantial quantities of the derivatives.
It is important to use a proper combination of solvent and temperature in order to generate substantial quantities of trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives. For generation of substantial quantities, it is generally important to dissolve the starting material in a nonpolar solvent. Preferably, the starting material is present in a concentration of 3M or less, and more preferably, in a concentration of 0.01M to 1M. Also, as stated above, temperatures below 35.degree. C. are generally required. More preferably, the temperature used with highly non-polar solvents, such as hexane, pentane, or chloroform, is in the range from -150.degree. C. to +25.degree. C. Still more preferably, the temperature used is in the range from -78.degree. C. to -30.degree. C.
The ozone may advantageously be generated with any of the commercially-available ozone generators. Such devices include corona discharge tubes through which oxygen gas may be passed. For example, pure oxygen gas passing through an ozone generator will typically leave the device as from 2% to 6% O.sub.3 (ozone), with the remainder O.sub.2. This ozone mixture may then be sparged through the terpene or non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon starting material at a preferred temperature until the reaction is complete. Completion may be judged by analyzing the gas exiting the ozonation chamber for ozone. (This may be done by passing the exit gas through aqueous potassium iodide and determining whether iodine gas is liberated, or by any other conventional technique.) Alternatively, the reaction may be followed by observing the weight gain of the material undergoing the reaction, by observing changes in physical characteristics (such as conversion from a liquid form to a soft paste), or by simply calculating the quantity of ozone needed to fully ozonate the material and stopping the reaction when a slight excess of ozone has passed through the reaction chamber.
When the starting material is normally a solid, such as .beta.-carotene, it may be solubilized in any suitable saturated nonaqueous solvent system prior to ozonation. With all of the diperoxide and trioxolane compounds, it is desirable to exclude water, lower alcohols, nucleophilic peroxides, and proton donors from the reaction mixture and from the final composition, in order to prevent premature hydrolysis of the trioxolane or diperoxide structure.
The following example shows a representative protocol for production of trioxolane and diperoxide derivatives of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
EXAMPLE 1
Protocol for Production of Trioxolane and Diperoxide Derivatives
Ozone was prepared with an ozone generator. Dry oxygen containing about 10% ozone was introduced at a speed of 10-20 liters/hour in an unsaturated hydrocarbon solution. This solution consisted of the cis isomer of the hydrocarbon in dry and olefin free butane, pentane or n-hexane as solvent. After ozonation, the solvent was removed at 30.degree. C. under rotation. The residue was either distilled/n vacuo or purified by column chromatography on silica gel. The results for various unsaturated hydrocarbons of the general structure RCH.dbd.CHR` are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
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Conc.
R R` Solvent (M) T (.degree.C.)
Yield (%)
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t-butyl
t-butyl pentane 0.3 -75 82
isopropyl
isopropyl
pentane 1.0 -70 85
ethyl ethyl pentane 0.2 -30 88
methyl methyl butane 0.2 -30 72
isopropyl
methyl pentane 1.0 -70 86
ethyl methyl pentane 1.0 -70 91
propyl methyl pentane 1.0 -70 92
t-butyl
methyl pentane 1.0 -70 81
t-butyl
ethyl pentane 1.0 -70 84
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In addition to compounds of the structure RCH.dbd.CHR`, we have also subjected cyclooefins to ozonation using the general protocol of Example 1. Such cyclooefins can be ozonated at a concentration of 3.0M in n-hexane at -70.degree. C. to produce a yield of approximately 96%. However, the product of ozonation of cyclooefins tends to be peroxide derivatives and/or insoluble polymers of trioxolanes in inactive solvents, such as pentane. Soluble trioxolane compounds can be formed from cycloolefins using active solvents such as ethyl acetate or acetone. The active solvent will enter into the resulting trioxolane composition to produce a soluble monomer.
Acyclic conjugated dienes and other polyunsaturated hydrocarbons can also be ozonated to yield pharmaceutically active compounds for use within the scope of the present invention. For example, acyclic conjugated dienes can be dissolved in pentane at 0.8M at a temperature of -780.degree. C. to produce a yield of approximately 74%.
Procedures other than ozonation are also known which can result in the production of either the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives. For example, non-ozonation procedures for the production of methyl ethyl ketone diperoxide, diethyl ketone diperoxide, 1,1-dimethyl-4,4-diethyl-2,3,4,5-tetroxacyclohexane and 1,4,4-trimethyl-1-ethyl2,3,5,6-tetraoxacyclohexane are described in Murray et at., supra.
EXAMPLE 2
Examination of Conditions for Production of Trioxolane and Diperoxide Derivatives
The ozonation protocol of DeVillez (U.S. Pat. No. 4,451,480) and that of Example 1 were each used on a sample of erucic acid methyl ester (a non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon) and on a sample of jojoba oil (a terpene unsaturated hydrocarbon). In the DeVillez protocol neat samples were ozonated at ambient temperature (approximately 20.degree. C.). In the Example 1 protocol, 3% samples in chloroform were ozonated at -30.degree. C. Trioxolanes and diperoxides have a greater dipole moment than the unozonated compounds which substantially increases their retardation factor (R.sub.f) upon chromatography. Thus, after ozonation, all four samples and a sample of each of the unozonated compounds were chromatographed according to the method described by DeVillez using chloroform as a mobile phase and high performance silica gel as the stationary phase. The resulting plates were charred with iodine for identification. The results are shown in Table 3
TABLE 3
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Compound R.sub.f
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Unozonated Erucic Acid Methyl Ester
0.9
Ozonated Erucic Acid Methyl Ester (DeVillez)
0.8, 0.9
Ozonated Erucic Acid Methyl Ester (Example 1)
0.4, 0.5
Unozonated Jojoba Oil 0.6
Ozonated Jojoba Oil (DeVillez)
0.5, 0.6
Ozonated Jojoba Oil (Example 1)
0.1, 0.2
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It can be seen from the results in Table 3 that the method of DeVillez results in the formation of two spots upon chromatography, one of which appears to have the same R.sub.f as the unozonated compound, and the other of which is only slightly retarded. These two spots are believed to represent the unreacted compound and a peroxide derivative thereof (R--C--O--O--C--R`). In contrast, the method of Example 1 results in the formation of two spots, both of which are greatly retarded from the unozonated compound. These two compounds are believed to represent the trioxolane and diperoxide derivatives of the compounds.
Pharmaceutical Compositions
In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compounds of the present invention are formulated into pharmaceutical preparations. These pharmaceutical preparations include one or more of the trioxolane or diperoxide derivative compounds of the present invention, and may further include other pharmaceutically active ingredients. In addition, any of the well-known pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers or excipients may be combined with the compounds of the present invention in a well-known manner. Suitable diluents include, for example, polyethylene glycol isopropyl myristate, and mineral oil. The pharmaceutical composition may be in any form suitable for topical use, such as an ointment, gel, or cream. Conventional coloring, fragrance and preserving agents may also be provided.
The excellent weight to oxygen ratio of some of the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives of unsaturated hydrocarbons renders them especially effective in treating many medical conditions. Trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives of highly unsaturated hydrocarbons are capable of releasing large amounts of oxygen, up to 30% of the weight of the compound and more. The trioxolane derivatives have three oxygen atoms at each site of unsaturation, while the diperoxide derivatives have four oxygen atoms. In addition, the trioxolane and diperoxide derivatives used in the present invention appear to have significant unexpected pharmacological properties that are different in kind or quality from those of unrelated ozonated compounds disclosed in the prior art.
The effective dosage of the compounds of the present invention appears to be much lower than would be expected in light of the prior art, suggesting that the compounds have unexpectedly high efficacy. While the compounds may be used neat (and, indeed, some of them form pharmaceutically elegant creams or ointments, e.g., linalyl trioxolane or diperoxide derivative and linalool trioxolane or diperoxide derivative), the effective concentration for most topical applications can be as little as 0.01%, by weight. However, the compositions more preferably contain from about 0.5% or 1% to about 10% or 20% by weight active ingredient. Topical compositions containing about 2% or 3% of active ingredient appear to be particularly effective.
For systemic use, such as intravenous, intramuscular, or intraperitoneal injection, as well as rectal suppositories, the compositions may similarly contain from about 0.01% to about 99% active ingredient, by weight. Preferred systemic compositions contain from about 0.05% to about 20% active ingredient, by weight.
The present invention further includes other suitable pharmacological preparations of trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives including: medicinal douches, eardrops, eyedrops, throat sprays, sublingual preparations, dental preparations for topical sores, mouthwashes, toothpaste, armpit deodorants, disinfectant/germicidals, germicidal soaps, and contact lens sterilization solutions. In addition, in certain embodiments of the invention, the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives are applied to a condom.
Thus, Example 3-9 are provided to illustrate certain pharmaceutical compositions within the scope of the present invention. As such, these examples are not intended to limit the invention.
EXAMPLE 3
A vaginal Suppository for Treatment of Vaginitis
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A vaginal suppository for treatment of vaginitis
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2% w/v Ozonated linalyl acetate, from Example 2
Balance Hydrogenated vegetable oil base
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EXAMPLE 4
A topical Gel Effective Against Burns
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A topical gel effective against burns
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1% w/v Geraniol trioxolane
60% w/v Carbomer 934
1% w/v Disodium edetate
10% w/v Glycerin
Balance Polyethylene glycol m.w. 400
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EXAMPLE 5
A Toothpaste Effective Against Gingivitis
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A toothpaste effective against gingivitis
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1% w/v Trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol
Balance Conventional toothpaste formulation
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EXAMPLE 6
A Topical Cream Effective Against Acne
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A topical cream effective against acne
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2.5% w/v Linalool trioxolane
48% w/v Propylene glycol
30% w/v Propyl paraben
5% w/v Polysorbate 60
10% w/v Glyceryl monostearate
Balance Mineral oil
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EXAMPLE 7
A Lubricant for Condoms Effective Against the Transmission of STDs
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A lubricant for condoms
effective against the transmission of STDs
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0.2 g/ml Ozonated erucic acid
10% w/v Glyceryl stearate
1% w/v Food-starch modified
2% w/v Polyethylene glycol mw. 800
balance Light mineral oil
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EXAMPLE 8
An Injectable Composition Effective Against Verrucae
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An injectable composition effective against verrucae
______________________________________
25 mg/ml ozonated linalyl acetate from Example 2
balance Polyethylene glycol mw. 200
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EXAMPLE 9
A Rectal Suppository Effective Against Systemic Disorders
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A rectal suppositoxy effective against systemic disorders
______________________________________
250 mg/ml
Trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol
2 ml Pluracols (a mixture of high molecular weight poly-
ethylene glycol)
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EXAMPLE 10
A Rectal Suppository Effective Against Systemic Disorders
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A rectal suppository effective against systemic disorders
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250 mg Geraniol Trioxolane
1.5 ml Cocoa butter with bees` wax
______________________________________
The toxicity of the trioxolane and diperoxide derivatives appears to be surprisingly low, in both topical and systemic use. Our preliminary data suggest that the LD.sub.50 for a representative compound, linalool trioxolane is about 3000 mg/kg in mice.
We have discovered that the trioxolane and diperoxide derivatives of terpene and non-terpene unsaturated hydrocarbons of the present invention, when applied topically in suitable pharmacological compositions, are effective for treatment of bacterial, vital, protozoal and fungal infections and for treatment of a variety of inflammatory conditions.
In this regard, we have discovered that topical administration of the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives of the present invention, in a suitable composition having from about 0.1% to about 50% active ingredient by weight, preferably about 0.5% to about 20% by weight, is effective to minimize the extent and severity of Herpes simplex, genital herpes, and chicken pox lesions, when applied on incipient eruptions.
We have also discovered that vaginal administration of a composition containing the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives of the present invention, in a suitable vaginal carrier (such as a suppository, cream, gel, or foam) having from about 0.05% to about 90% active ingredient, by weight, preferably about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, is substantially non-irritating to mucous membrane tissues, and is effective to treat both bacterial and fungal vaginal infections.
Furthermore, we have discovered that topical administration of the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives of the present invention, in a suitable composition having from about 0.01% to about 99% or 100% active ingredient, by weight, preferably from about 0.1% to about 25% by weight, is effective in treating fungal infections of the skin and nails, such as athlete`s foot and onychomycosis. Similar compositions appear to have a shrinking effect on indolent neoplasms, including warts and moles.
Compositions having from about 0.01% to about 50% active ingredient, preferably about 0.1% to about 20%, are non-irritating to ache affected skin, and have exhibited a strong anti-comedonal effect when used topically on affected areas. It is believed that these compositions deliver nascent oxygen to kill anaerobic bacteria such as P. ache when the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives undergo hydrolysis. Furthermore, while it is not intended that the applicants be limited to any particular theory or mode of action, it is further believed that the particular ozonolysis fragments (such as ketones or carboxylic acids) formed by trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives upon release of oxygen have a complimentary pharmacological effect.
Moreover, our data further indicate that topical application of the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives of the present invention, after significant exposure to the ultraviolet component of sunlight, is effective in ameliorating the severity of sunburn and facilitating the healing process. Similar reduction of pain, inflammation, and blistering, and an increase in the speed of the healing process has been observed when the composition of the present invention is applied to first and second degree thermal burns on a mammal.
Based on the demonstrated antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial properties of the present compositions in vitro, and the relatively non-irritating properties of the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives, it is further believed that topical administration of the compounds of the present invention can decrease the probability of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STD`s). Thus, for example, the previously described vaginal compositions may be used alone or in conjunction with a condom to decrease the risk of infection. In this regard, the active ingredient may further advantageously be formulated into a lubricating composition of known type.
Furthermore, we have discovered that the trioxolane and diperoxide derivatives of the present invention are effective spermicides. Thus, intravaginal application thereof can serve to minimize the chances of pregnancy as well as to prevent the transmission of STD`s.
We have also discovered that topical administration of trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives in a topical preparation exhibits significant efficacy in the treatment of most dermatoses, including psoriasis and those dermatoses caused by bee stings, insect bites, poison plants such as poison oak, poison ivy, and stinging nettle, diaper rash, hives, and other reactions for which antihistamine or steroidal medications are commonly prescribed. Administration of the trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives of the present invention in lieu of steroids medications is sometimes equally effective; however, side effects are considerably reduced, making therapy with trioxolane or diperoxide derivatives the more desirable treatment. The invention, however, contemplates combination therapy in some instances. Thus, in addition to an effective amount of trioxolane or diperoxide derivative, the compositions of the present invention may further include an effective amount of an antihistamine or a corticosteroid. These medications are well known, and effective dosages for the various antihistamines and corticosteroids have been established. When used together with a trioxolane or diperoxide derivative, the effective topical concentrations of these ingredients will generally be toward the lower end of the effective range in which they are presently used alone.
The present invention also includes methods of systemic and localized injection of the compositions disclosed herein, including intravascular, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and other injection techniques. Such injection may be used for treatment of viral, fungal, and bacterial infection. We have also discovered that localized injection of a trioxolane or diperoxide derivative of the present invention into a tumor has an anti-neoplastic effect.
EXAMPLE 10
Test For Efficacy Of Treatment of Sunburn
The composition of Example 4 is applied topically to only a portion of the skin surface of a severely sunburned patient in a single application, two hours after the exposure to sunlight. The treated area exhibits slight reddening, but no peeling or blistering. Only minor discomfort is apparent. The untreated area, in contrast, becomes red, blistered, and painful.
EXAMPLE 11
Test for Efficacy of Treatment of Chicken Pox
The composition of Example 6 is topically applied to a portion of the lesions on a child suffering from chicken pox. Within 1 hour, the treated lesions are significantly reduced with little or no self-induced trauma from scratching. The untreated lesions are unchanged in size, and show the effects of trauma from scratching.
EXAMPLE 12
Test For Efficacy of Treatment of Swollen Joints
Patients at a sports medicine clinic complaining of swollen knees are divided into three groups: groups A, B and C. The patients in group A receive an injection of the composition of Example 8 into the swollen knee. The patients in group B receive an injection of a placebo, the composition without active ingredient. The patients in group C receive an injection of a corticosteroidal medication. Within 12 hours the swelling in the knees of the patients in group A is significantly reduced. No change is reported in the knees of the patients of group B. The swelling in the knees of the patients of group C is also reduced, however, a significant percentage of the patients suffer inflammatory reactions.
EXAMPLE 13
Test For Efficacy of Treatment of Fungal Infections of the Vagina
The suppository of Example 3 is administered intra-vaginally to one group of patients suffering from yeast infections of the vagina. A second group of such patients receive a suppository without the active ingredient of Example 3. A third group receives a suppository containing the drug clotrimazole, a commonly used drug for treatment of fungal infections of the vagina. Every 24 hours the process is repeated. Within 2 days, the patients of the first group have no reddening of the vagina and within 7 days, a yeast culture produces negative results. The second group of patients continues to complain of itching and other common complaints of fungal infections. A yeast assay is positive. For patients in the third group, a yeast assay is negative; however, a number of these patients complain of irritation and in those patients, a significant reddening of the vagina is present.
EXAMPLE 14
In Vitro Anti-Microbial Assay of Linalool Trioxolane
A culture of E.coli was harvested with sterile saline using swabs. The number of Colony Forming Units (CFUs) per ml in the suspension was determined by Standard Plate Count Method. A working suspension of E. coli with approximately 1.0.times.10.sup.7 CFUs/ 0.1 ml was then prepared. Four aliquots of 1 ml of test ointment containing 1.0% trioxolane or diperoxide derivative of linalool were removed and place in separate sterile screw-capped tubes. Each sample was inoculated with 0.1 ml of the working suspension of E. coli to yield a final concentration of approximately 1.times.106 CFUs/1 ml of the product. The samples were stored at 20.degree.-25.degree. C. for a total of 28 days. Samples were selected at 7 day intervals to determine the number of viable CFUs present. A control with uninoculated ointment was also stored with samples selected at the same intervals. At 7 days, and all subsequent sample selections, there were less than 10 CFUs present. No CFUs were present in any control sample.
EXAMPLE 15
Primary Skin Irritation Test of Trioxolane or Diperoxide Derivative of Linalool
Six healthy New Zealand White rabbits were tested for skin irritation. Approximately four hours prior to application of the trioxolane or diperoxide derivative sample, the backs of the animals were clipped free of fur. Each rabbit received epidermal abrasions with a sterile needle at one test site while the skin at another test site remained intact. A 1.0% solution of linalool trioxolane or diperoxide derivative in isopropyl myristate was prepared. A 0.5 ml portion of the test solution was applied to each site by introduction under a double gauze layer to an area of skin approximately 1" square. The patches were covered with a nonreactive tape and the entire test site was wrapped with a binder. After 24 hours, the binders, tape, and test material were removed and the skin evaluated. The test material residue was removed with 70% isopropyl alcohol. An evaluation was also made at 72 hours after application. The reactions were scored according to the methods described in the Federal Hazardous Substances Act. The test solution had a Primary Irritation Index (PII) of 1.0. According to FHSA regulations, a material with a PII of less than 5.00 is generally not considered a primary irritant to the skin.
EXAMPLE 16
Ocular Irritation Test in the Rabbit of Linalool Trioxolane
Six healthy New Zealand White rabbits were selected for study. The rabbits` eyes were judged free of irritation prior to the study by examining with a pen light and under UV light after installation of 2% fluorescein stain. A 1% solution of the trioxolane or diperoxide derivative of linalool was prepared in isopropyl myristate. A 0.1 ml portion of this test solution was instilled into the lower conjunctival sac of one eye of each rabbit. The lids were held dosed for one second. The opposite eye of each rabbit received 0.1 ml of the isopropyl myristate, as control. Eyes were examined and the ocular reaction scored according to the "Illustrated Guide for Grading Eye Irritation by Hazardous Substances" (Appendix 1). At 24, 48, and 72 hours post dosing, the eyes were examined with a pen light and re-examined with UV light following fluorescein staining of the cornea. Under the conditions of this test, the test solution was considered a non-irritant to ocular tissues of the rabbit.
Studies on Derivatives of is Terpene and Non-Terpene Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
1. INTRODUCTION
Geraniol trioxolane, a trioxolane derivative of a terpene, was assessed on the basis of its direct biological activity against certain target organisms in vitro. In vivo assays were similarly undertaken to assess the product`s toxicity, safety, and in certain cases, efficacy. The studies were conducted using product manufactured using the synthesis protocol of Example 1, and synthesized strictly in accordance with international guidelines and specifications, especially those issued by Untied States Food and Drug Administration, United States Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, Kenya Association of Manufacturers, and Pharmacy and Poisons Board of Kenya. The preparatory process met aH requirements for the Code of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). In addition, the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol, a non-terpene, was synthesized and compared to Geraniol trioxolane for the purposes of assessing its comparative activity.
Both Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol are colorless liquids. Geraniol trioxolane is more viscous and less stable than the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1l -ol.
2. IN VITRO EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES
2.1 Effect of Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol on Leishmania donovani and Leishmania major promastigotes in vitro
2.1.1 Geraniol trioxolane
This was first diluted in PEG600 to give 250 mg/ml, and further diluted in culture medium to give a working concentration of 62.5 mg/ml. Through serial dilutions, the compound showed killing of all promastigotes up to a dilution 1:2048 within 18 hours. The controls in the same titre plate survived.
2.1.2 Trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol
This compound was first diluted to 400 mg/ml in PEG600, and further serially diluted in culture medium. The compound caused the killing of all promastigotes within 18 hours up to a dilution of 1:2.sup.8 -2.sup.9.
2.2 Effect of Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol on myeloma cell line and spermatozoa
The susceptibility of Myeloma cell line (x63 balb/c line) and human spermatozoa to both Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol was assessed. The myeloma cell line was killed within 48 hours and human spermatozoa were killed within 1 minute, at dilutions of less than 1:2.times.10.sup.10 of the working concentrations.
2.3 Effect of Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol on microorganisms
It was decided to test the direct biological activity of both Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol on microorganisms which cause common infections in our community. Thus, the following microorganisms were tested for their susceptibility to these compounds:
2.3.1 Diarrhoeal diseases
i) Salmonella spp.
ii) Shigella spp.
iii) Enteropathogenic/enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
2.3.2 Urinary tract infections: both bacteria and fungi
i) Neisseria gonorrhoea (PPNG and non-PPNG)
ii) Candida albicans
iii) Pseudomonas spp.
2.3.3 Bacteria causing respiratory tract infections
i) Klebsiella spp.
ii) Staphylococcus aureus
iii) Staphylococcus epidermidis
2.3.4 Other infections caused by bacteria
i) Proteus
ii) Achromobacter
iii) E. coli
2.3.5 Fungal infection
i) Common dematophytes
a) Trichophyton violaceurn
b) Trichophyton canis
ii) Systemic fungi
a) Cryptoccus spp.
b) Candida spp.
iii) Other general fungi
a) Phialophora verrucose
b) Penicillium spp.
2.4 Results
Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), as well as minimum bacterial concentration (MBC), of the drugs on the common pathogens were determined. Standard drugs, and in certain cases reference stains, were used as controls and for comparative purposes. Results of observations are summarized in Tables 4-6.
TABLE 5
______________________________________
MIC of Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of
cis 3-hexene-1-ol on some common pathogens in agar dilution
MIC (mg/ml)
Trioxolane
derivative of
Geraniol cis
trioxolane 3-hexene-1-ol
Organism N agar broth agar broth
______________________________________
S. aureus 10 0.15 0.78 0.12 0.62
EPEC/ETEC 5 0.62 0.56 0.031 0.62
Salmonella 3 0.31 3.12 0.007 0.15
Shigella 7 0.31 1.56 0.007 0.62
Pseudomonas
2 0.035 1.56 0.007 0.62
Candida 2 0.62 3.12 0.031 0.31
______________________________________
Note:
* numbers in parentheses indicate the lowest concentration inhibiting at
least one isolate of organisms
N = number of isolates tested
MIC = minimum inhibition concentration
EPEC/ETEC = enteropathogenic Escherichia coli/enterotoxigenic Escherichia
coli
TABLE 4
______________________________________
MIC of Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis
3-hexene-1-ol on various common pathogens
by agar diffusion method
MIC (mg/ml)
Geraniol Trioxolane derivative
Organism N trioxolane of cis 3-hexene-1-ol
______________________________________
Gram positive cocci
S. aureus 16 0.31 (0.004)*
0.25 (0.031)
S. epidermidis
14 0.31 (0.004)
0.025 (0.031)
Gram negative cocci
N. gonorrhoea
49 0.15 (0.008)
0.0035 (0.0019)
Gram negative bacilli
Salmonella 3 0.31 0.007
Shigella 7 0.31 0.25 (0.031)
EPEC/ETEC 16 0.52 (0.31)
0.25 (0.031)
Pseudomonas 2 0.035 0.007
Klebisella 1 0.017 0.007
E. coli 3 0.31 0.12
Archromobacter
1 0.62 0.06
Fungi
C. albicans 5 0.62 0.031
Tri. violaceum
1 0.31 0.15
Tri. canis 1 0.31 0.15
Cryptococcus 1 0.15 0.015
Ph. verrucose
1 0.31 0.15
Penicillium 1 0.62 0.31
______________________________________
Note:
*numbers in parentheses indicate the lowest concentration inhibiting at
least one isolate of organisms
N = number of isolates tested
MIC = minimum inhibition concentration
EPEC/ETEC = enteropathogenic Escherichia coli/enterotoxigenic Escherichia
coli
TABLE 6
______________________________________
MBC of Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis
3-hexene-1-ol on various common pathogens by broth method
MBC (mg/ml)
Geraniol Trioxolane derivative
Organism N trioxolane
of cis 3-hexene-1-ol
______________________________________
Gram positive cocci
S. aureus 10 3.12 (0.78)*
1.25
S. epidermidis
Gram negative bacilli
Salmonella 3 6.25 2.5
Shigella 7 3.12 1.25
EPEC/ETEC 5 3.12 1.25
Pseudomonas 2 3.12 1.25
Fungi
Candida 2 3.12 1.25
______________________________________
Note:
*numbers in parentheses indicate the lowest bacterial concentration for
corresponding organism
N = number of isolates tested
MBC = minimum bacterial concentration
EPEC/ETEC = enteropathogenic Escherichia coli/enterotoxigenic Escherichia
coli
It can be seen from the results summarized in Tables 4-6 that both Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol are more active than conventional drugs against commonly encountered microorganisms (in vitro). Thus, the derivatives were found effective against the following microorganisms which cause common infections:
a) diarrhea (Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., enteropathogenic/enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli)
b) urinary tract infections (Neisseria gonorrhoea, candida spp. )
c) respiratory tract infections (Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp. )
d) fungal infections (Trichophyton spp., crytococcus spp., Phialophora spp., Penicillium spp. ).
The diluent, propylene glycol, did not inhibit the growth of either bacteria or fungi. Water significantly reduces the direct bioactivity of both Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol. In comparison, 100% propylene glycol is a better diluent than water.
The trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol appears to be more active than Geraniol trioxolane, and the direct bioactivity of these drugs were better in agar than in broth methods. However, the activity of both compounds on microorganisms has no relationship with resistance and sensitivity of conventional antibiotics on bacteria. All the microorganisms tested (including both gram positive and gram negative bacteria) were uniformly sensitive to the two products.
3. IN VIVO EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES
3.1 Tolerability of mice to Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol
20g balb/c mice received various concentrations of both Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol intraperitoneally (IP). The minimum lethal dose was observed at 3g/kg. Studies on LD50 revealed that the products are highly tolerated.
3.2 Immunomodulatory Activity. of Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol
A group of 15 Balb/c mice which had been used as controls in the previous experiments on Leishmania infection were studied further to assess the activity of both Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol in the immunological status of these mice.
Bone marrow examination revealed that there was an increase in new clones of lymphocytes in mice put on either Geraniol trioxolane or the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol as compared to mice without any drug. This observation strongly suggests that both Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol are immunomodulators, a property which is of critical consideration in the treatment of diseases that are associated with immunosuppression.
3.3 Treatment of mice infected with Leishmania major
Efficacy of Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis was assessed in balb/c mice experimentally infected with Leishmania major. The compounds were used intraperitoneally (IP) and topically, and further compared to the standard anti-leishmanial regimen (Pentostam, an antimony-based formulation) and controls.
The topical preparation was formulated as an ointment containing 4 mg/ml of compound and using 0.1 ml per lesion per mouse, whereas the IP preparation contained 0.4 mg in 0.5 ml of compound per mouse. There were a total of 15 mice per treatment group.
The summary of observations is given in Table 7. It is clear that mice treated with the topical preparation responded better than those in any of the other treatment groups.
TABLE 7
______________________________________
Efficacy of Geraniol trioxolane, the trioxolane derivative of cis
3-hexene-1-ol and Pentostam in experimentally infected mice with
Leishmania major
Treatment
Group Post-Treatment Observations
n = 15/group Day 0 Day 14
______________________________________
Controls Large lesions
Lesions breaking
(infected) Palate involvement
4 dead
Pentostam Large lesions
Large lesions
(IP) breaking Palate
involvement 1 dead
Geraniol trioxolane
Large lesions
Lesions breaking
(IP) Palate involvement
4 dead
Geraniol trioxolane
Large lesions
Dry lesions
(topical) No palate involve-
ment No death
Healthy
Trioxolane derivative of cis
Large lesions
Lesions scabbed
3-hexene-1-ol 2 palate involvement
(IP) 2 dead
Trioxoiane derivative of cis
Large lesions
Lesions small and
3-hexene-1-ol dry
(topical) Animals healthy and
active No death
______________________________________
3.4 Treatment of mice infected with Leishmania donova
Balb/c mice were experimentally infected with Leishmania donova, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. The infection was viscerallzed in 3-4 weeks. Infected mice were divided into four groups of 15 mice each. One group was treated with Geraniol trioxolane, another with the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol and the third group with Pentostam. The fourth group was kept as a control group. Each medication was used at 20 mg/kg body weight and given in 0.5 ml intraperitoneal, daily doses for 5 days. The average weights of mice were 20 g each.
Mice were examined after the 5 days of treatment and every week thereafter. Indicators of response to treatment were examination of visceral organs for the parasites in autopsied mice, plus the general well-being of the living.
Preliminary results of this study indicate that both Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol perform better than Pentostam in clearing parasites from the viscera, such as the spleen.
4. CLINICAL STUDIES IN HUMANS
4.1 Clinical Studies on Candidiasis
We have begun clinical studies to assess the efficacy of Geraniol trioxolane and the trioxolane derivative of cis 3-hexene-1-ol in the treatment of common infections, including those that are considered as common opportunistic infections in HIV-infected persons. The patients recruited in the present studies are those who volunteered themselves to participate in the studies.
Candidiasis is a particular opportunistic infection which is common in HIV infected individuals. Vaginal candidiasis is a very common infection suffered by virtually all women at one time or another. Thus, we have performed clinical studies on this fungal infection as follows:
4.1.1 25 ml of a liquid preparation containing 25 mg/ml of the product was applied three times a day in the oropharyngeal area in ten patients with oral candidiasis. The infection cleared within 5 days and did not require additional treatment.
4.1.2 Vaginal inserts were formulated and used twice a day in five female volunteers suffering from vaginal candidiasis, and a further three having both vaginal candidiasis and gram positive cocci infections. As in oral candidiasis, these infections cleared within 5 days and required no further treatment.
4.2 Clinical Studies on Systemic Infections
4.2.1 AIDS: A minimum of 10 patients have been followed over a period of from 2 to 4 years on a dosage regimen of approximately 200 milligrams daily. All patients have shown improvement and stabilization of both clinical and laboratory parameters of disease.
4.2.2 CANCER: 4 patients have been treated over a period of from 2 to 4 years. These include one Adenocarcinoma of the Lung, one Hodgkins Disease, and two Lymphomas. Patients were treated on a daily dose basis of 200 milligrams daily. In all patients, during the course of treatment, there was regression of tumor or cessation of growth of tumor, as well as improvement in clinical parameters. One patient demonstrated reinstitution of tumor growth with forced cessation of therapy. The other patients remain in remission.
4.2.3 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: 4 patients with long-standing active RA were placed on a dose of 200 milligrams daily. All patients had evidence of remission of symptoms within 2 weeks, and in all patients all evidence of active disease had cleared within 6-8 weeks. Patients have remained asymptomatic with no evidence of progression of disease for two years.
4.2.4 OSTEOARTHRITIS AND INFLAMMATORY POLYARTHRITIS: 10 patients, including those with degenerative, psoriatic and arthritis associated with chronic fatigue syndrome, as well as non-specific polyarthritis were studied. These patients were treated with a daily dose of 200 milligrams. All patients showed substantial or complete disappearance of all symptoms within 8 weeks. All patients have been maintained without symptom and without evidence of progression of disease.
4.2.5 CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME: 4 patients were treated with 200 milligrams daily. All patients showed marked improvement. All symptoms were completely or substantially cleared within 3 months.
4.2.6 LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: 1 patient with associated colitis and arthritis. All signs and symptoms of active disease cleared within 90 days with complete resolution of arthritis, colitis and reduction of ANA titer from 1:1880 down to 1:30.
4.3 Clinical Studies on Topical Diseases
4.3.1 FUNGAL, DISEASES OF SKIN: 30 patients were treated for various forms of skin fungus unresponsive to other forms of therapy. All patients had complete clearing of skin lesions within 4-6 weeks. The lesions were treated with a 3% solution of active ingredient in propylene glycol once or twice daily,
4.3.2 BACTERIAL DISEASES OF SKIN:
i) ACNE: In a series of 40 patients with chronic acne vulgaris of varying degrees of severity, a 3% solution was applied to the lesions on a daily basis. All patients shows significant or marked clearing of lesions. New lesions formed less often and cleared quickly with subsequent applications.
ii) IMPETIGO: 3 patients had complete clearing within 1 week with application of 3% solution twice daily,
iii) PARONYCHIA: 4 patients. Lesions cleared rapidly and completely in all cases within 48 hours of beginning application of 3% solution.
iv) WOUND HEALING and SCAR PREVENTION: Various surgical and non-surgical wounds were treated with a 3% solution on a daily basis. Wounds so treated were shown to heal faster, with no evidence of secondary infection and noticeable reduction in scar formation. Those persons prone to keloid formation had no evidence of keloid formation with the use of this treatment.
4.3.3 VIRAL DISEASES OF THE SKIN:
i) HERPES: 40 patients comprising herpes simplex, genitalis, zoster, ophthalmic were treated with a topical solution of 3% active ingredient in propylene glycol, and in the case of ophthalmic with a fresh 1/2% solution in saline with a small amount of propylene glycol as solubilizing agent. In all herpes genitalis and simplex cases, all lesions when treated early showed rapid cessation of viral expression and rapid clearing of lesions in most cases, without evidence of blister formation. Most lesions cleared completely within 48 hours. Lesions which had progressed to significant size prior to treatment required 3-4 days for complete resolution. Herpes zoster (5 cases), all cases showed slow progressive resolution of lesions, with complete clearing in approximately 2-6 weeks. Most lesions had been present for up over 6 months. Ophthalmic herpes (2 cases), in both cases lesions showed definite early clearing, with resolution in one case within 48 hours and the other case in 4 days.
ii) VENEREAL WARTS: 4 patients. A solution of 3% active ingredient in was applied 3 times daily with complete clearing of all lesions in 2-3 weeks.
COMMON WARTS (MULTIPLE MANIFESTATIONS): 26 patients. 10% solution was applied 2 times daily. All patients shows resolution with treatment; however, there was marked variation in time to complete clearing, depending apparently upon the type of presentation of the wart. Some warts cleared within 2 weeks, while most required several months and a few manifestations took over 1 yea
15:39:44 SK 0,30 $ mit 20000 St.
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Die Bude taugt aus biotechnischer Sicht nichts!
Aus dem Nachbar-Thread
----------------------------------------------------
Das einzigartige Patent wird auf einen Marktwert von über 200 Mio. USD geschätzt.>
Wie kann man denn eigentlich nur einen solchen Unsinn hier wiedergeben?
Diese " sensationelle" Technologie wurde von diesem Unternehmen, - dass vor nicht allzulanger Zeit noch sein Geld mit Software vediente - für den an für sich nicht gerade hohen - in Anbetracht der Finanzlage des Unternehmens jedoch desaströsen Preis von gut 200.000 US$ gekauft.
Eine eigene Forschung besitzt das Unternehmen nicht.
Eine vielgepriesene Heilung mit diesem Wundermittel, das sowohl HIV, HEPATITIS A+B, Lungenentzündung und wahrscheinlich auch noch die Bauchwassersucht bei Zuchtkarpfen bekämpfen soll ist medizinisch vollkommen aus der Realität und sollte villeicht besser am 01.04. eines Jahres veröffentlicht werden.
-------------------------------------------------------
Gruß
KLR
Aus dem Nachbar-Thread
----------------------------------------------------
Das einzigartige Patent wird auf einen Marktwert von über 200 Mio. USD geschätzt.>
Wie kann man denn eigentlich nur einen solchen Unsinn hier wiedergeben?
Diese " sensationelle" Technologie wurde von diesem Unternehmen, - dass vor nicht allzulanger Zeit noch sein Geld mit Software vediente - für den an für sich nicht gerade hohen - in Anbetracht der Finanzlage des Unternehmens jedoch desaströsen Preis von gut 200.000 US$ gekauft.
Eine eigene Forschung besitzt das Unternehmen nicht.
Eine vielgepriesene Heilung mit diesem Wundermittel, das sowohl HIV, HEPATITIS A+B, Lungenentzündung und wahrscheinlich auch noch die Bauchwassersucht bei Zuchtkarpfen bekämpfen soll ist medizinisch vollkommen aus der Realität und sollte villeicht besser am 01.04. eines Jahres veröffentlicht werden.
-------------------------------------------------------
Gruß
KLR
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RT 0,25 $
ups RT 0,25 €
[posting]17.690.731 von klr am 26.08.05 08:51:49[/posting]Das würde ich so, ohne weiter Recherchen, nicht so einfach sagen. Die Trioxolane haben die beschriebenen Wirkungen. Und das neuste Malaria-Mittel ist auch ein Trioxolane. Und Hoffmann-La Roche sagt dir ja als BIOTECH-Spezialist, oder? Hier der Abstract der Nature Publikation (vor 1 Jahr erschienen):
..............................................................
Identification of an antimalarial
synthetic trioxolane drug
development candidate
Jonathan L. Vennerstrom1, Sarah Arbe-Barnes2, Reto Brun3,
Susan A. Charman4, Francis C. K. Chiu4, Jacques Chollet3,
Yuxiang Dong1, Arnulf Dorn5, Daniel Hunziker5, Hugues Matile5,
Kylie McIntosh4, Maniyan Padmanilayam1, Josefina Santo Tomas3,
Christian Scheurer3, Bernard Scorneaux3, Yuanqing Tang1,
Heinrich Urwyler6, Sergio Wittlin3 & William N. Charman4
1College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska
Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025, USA
2Fulcrum Pharma Developments Ltd, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire HP1 1JY,
UK
3Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
4Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville,
Victoria 3052, Australia
5F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
6Basilea Pharmaceutica Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 487, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
............................................................................................................................................................................
The discovery of artemisinin more than 30 years ago provided a
completely new antimalarial structural prototype; that is, a
molecule with a pharmacophoric peroxide bond in a unique
1,2,4-trioxane heterocycle1. Available evidence2–4 suggests
that artemisinin and related peroxidic antimalarial drugs exert
their parasiticidal activity subsequent to reductive activation by
haem, released as a result of haemoglobin digestion by the
malaria-causing parasite. This irreversible redox reaction produces
carbon-centred free radicals, leading to alkylation of haem5
and proteins (enzymes)6, one of which—the sarcoplasmicendoplasmic
reticulum ATPase PfATP6 (ref. 7)—may be critical
to parasite survival. Notably, there is no evidence of drug
resistance to any member of the artemisinin family of drugs8.
The chemotherapy of malaria has benefited greatly from the
semi-synthetic artemisinins artemether and artesunate as they
rapidly reduce parasite burden, have good therapeutic indices
and provide for successful treatment outcomes9. However, as
a drug class, the artemisinins suffer from chemical10 (semisynthetic
availability, purity and cost), biopharmaceutical11
(poor bioavailability and limiting pharmacokinetics) and treatment8,11
(non-compliance with long treatment regimens and
recrudescence) issues that limit their therapeutic potential.
Here we describe how a synthetic peroxide antimalarial drug
development candidate was identified in a collaborative drug
discovery project.
..............................................................
Identification of an antimalarial
synthetic trioxolane drug
development candidate
Jonathan L. Vennerstrom1, Sarah Arbe-Barnes2, Reto Brun3,
Susan A. Charman4, Francis C. K. Chiu4, Jacques Chollet3,
Yuxiang Dong1, Arnulf Dorn5, Daniel Hunziker5, Hugues Matile5,
Kylie McIntosh4, Maniyan Padmanilayam1, Josefina Santo Tomas3,
Christian Scheurer3, Bernard Scorneaux3, Yuanqing Tang1,
Heinrich Urwyler6, Sergio Wittlin3 & William N. Charman4
1College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska
Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025, USA
2Fulcrum Pharma Developments Ltd, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire HP1 1JY,
UK
3Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
4Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville,
Victoria 3052, Australia
5F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
6Basilea Pharmaceutica Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 487, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
............................................................................................................................................................................
The discovery of artemisinin more than 30 years ago provided a
completely new antimalarial structural prototype; that is, a
molecule with a pharmacophoric peroxide bond in a unique
1,2,4-trioxane heterocycle1. Available evidence2–4 suggests
that artemisinin and related peroxidic antimalarial drugs exert
their parasiticidal activity subsequent to reductive activation by
haem, released as a result of haemoglobin digestion by the
malaria-causing parasite. This irreversible redox reaction produces
carbon-centred free radicals, leading to alkylation of haem5
and proteins (enzymes)6, one of which—the sarcoplasmicendoplasmic
reticulum ATPase PfATP6 (ref. 7)—may be critical
to parasite survival. Notably, there is no evidence of drug
resistance to any member of the artemisinin family of drugs8.
The chemotherapy of malaria has benefited greatly from the
semi-synthetic artemisinins artemether and artesunate as they
rapidly reduce parasite burden, have good therapeutic indices
and provide for successful treatment outcomes9. However, as
a drug class, the artemisinins suffer from chemical10 (semisynthetic
availability, purity and cost), biopharmaceutical11
(poor bioavailability and limiting pharmacokinetics) and treatment8,11
(non-compliance with long treatment regimens and
recrudescence) issues that limit their therapeutic potential.
Here we describe how a synthetic peroxide antimalarial drug
development candidate was identified in a collaborative drug
discovery project.
[posting]17.693.296 von emsiwgsus am 26.08.05 11:45:43[/posting]und noch eines. EIn Unternehmen braucht selbst keine Forschung um eine Medikament fertig zu entwickeln. Schliesslich gibt es Auftragsforschung und Biotechunternehmen wie Sand am Meer. Schon mal an eine Kooperation gedacht, oder Übernahme, oder....
Was ist den heute los
Ist das die Ruhe vor dem Sturm??? Wir sind wieder kanpp 10% gestiegen und keinen scheint es zu interessieren? Volumen gering, wenig Postings,.....
Also entweder sind schon alle eingedeckt oder es traut sich keine mehr!
Ich für meinen teil bin froh dabei zu sein (bin ja auch im Plus) und würde mich über mehr Interesse von den anderen freuen.
Ist das die Ruhe vor dem Sturm??? Wir sind wieder kanpp 10% gestiegen und keinen scheint es zu interessieren? Volumen gering, wenig Postings,.....
Also entweder sind schon alle eingedeckt oder es traut sich keine mehr!
Ich für meinen teil bin froh dabei zu sein (bin ja auch im Plus) und würde mich über mehr Interesse von den anderen freuen.
Aber einen Vorteil hat die Ruhe auch: Wenns wieder einen Schub nach oben gibt, wollen alle wieder aufeinmal rein und dann wirds wieder zum Selbstläufer,.............
ganz schön hoher kurs für einen sack voller luft
[posting]17.694.133 von herwoe am 26.08.05 12:45:01[/posting]nachtrag
marketing ist alles (siehe herbalife)
marketing ist alles (siehe herbalife)
@ herwoe
jetzt stehst du irgendiwe zwischen zwei stühlen, stimmts?
Einerseits glaubst du an den "mit luft gefüllten sack" nicht so recht, aber durch die PR und den Anstieg bist du schon interessiert wohin der Kurs die nächsten Tage geht!
Mein Tipp: Steig mal mit einer kleinen Summe ein und sichere sie mit 0,2 ab. So hälst du den verlust gering, aber sollte die Aktie abgehen kannst du den kleinen gewinn schnell verdoppeln!
jetzt stehst du irgendiwe zwischen zwei stühlen, stimmts?
Einerseits glaubst du an den "mit luft gefüllten sack" nicht so recht, aber durch die PR und den Anstieg bist du schon interessiert wohin der Kurs die nächsten Tage geht!
Mein Tipp: Steig mal mit einer kleinen Summe ein und sichere sie mit 0,2 ab. So hälst du den verlust gering, aber sollte die Aktie abgehen kannst du den kleinen gewinn schnell verdoppeln!
Ach ja, bitte wieder mal den RT von FFM!
DAnkeschön
DAnkeschön
guter tip.
[posting]17.694.629 von herwoe am 26.08.05 13:19:21[/posting]Wir warten doch alle auf 15.30Uhr
Aber wenn immer alle auf 15.30 warten find ich das auch nicht sinnvoll. Schließlich sind wir zeitlich gesehen vor den Amis und daher sollten wir ihnen eigentlich den positiven Impuls geben und sie dann nochmals einen draufsetzen!
Aber mir solls recht sein, wenn die amis hoffentlich 30% ins plus schießen und die 0,4USD überschreiten. Dann heißt es bei uns die 0,3 EUR zu knacken!
Yipieeee
Aber mir solls recht sein, wenn die amis hoffentlich 30% ins plus schießen und die 0,4USD überschreiten. Dann heißt es bei uns die 0,3 EUR zu knacken!
Yipieeee
[posting]17.695.574 von Cineast82 am 26.08.05 14:30:58[/posting]wenn die 0,40$ knacken dan haste nächste Woche 1$
jetzt wäre US RT mal interessant,............
0,30$ RT
und noch kein Volumen, oder?
USA RT:
Last Change (%) Trade Time Bid (size) Tick Ask (size) Day Volume
0.28 0.02 (6.67) 10:07
Bid ist0,25 USD
ASK 0,28
Last Change (%) Trade Time Bid (size) Tick Ask (size) Day Volume
0.28 0.02 (6.67) 10:07
Bid ist0,25 USD
ASK 0,28
keep cool!
Bei uns zieht der Kurs schon wieder an!
Hoffentlich sehen wir heute noch die 0,28.
ich denek ich werde nochmals zulegen bevor die WE Rally losgeht
Bei uns zieht der Kurs schon wieder an!
Hoffentlich sehen wir heute noch die 0,28.
ich denek ich werde nochmals zulegen bevor die WE Rally losgeht
Ich hab jetzt endlich US-Realtimekurse. Bei Freerealtime.com. zu 11.99 USD monatl.
Das ging am einfachsten und am guenstigsten. Ich kann es nur empfehlen. Natürlich nichts für Profis, aber für jemanden der hin und wieder US-Aktien kauft ist das ausreichend
und so sieht es aus:
Wichtig: das Bid ist endlcih angezogen auf 0,27 USD
0.28 0.02 (6.67) 10:28 0.27 (50) + 0.28 (50) 30,500
Das ging am einfachsten und am guenstigsten. Ich kann es nur empfehlen. Natürlich nichts für Profis, aber für jemanden der hin und wieder US-Aktien kauft ist das ausreichend
und so sieht es aus:
Wichtig: das Bid ist endlcih angezogen auf 0,27 USD
0.28 0.02 (6.67) 10:28 0.27 (50) + 0.28 (50) 30,500
Hast du einen RT Kurs mit dazugehörigem Orderbuch der Amis?
dankesehr
dankesehr
Hallo,
ist ja gar keiner mehr da. Der Kurs sinkt ja voll runter.
was ist da los.schlechte news
ist ja gar keiner mehr da. Der Kurs sinkt ja voll runter.
was ist da los.schlechte news
[posting]17.699.606 von Sleeples am 26.08.05 19:19:11[/posting]Hallo, wo sinkt denn der Kurs. Sieht doch gut aus RT
GIMUF 0.28 0.02 (6.67) 0.27 0.30 56,500
Bid/ Ask 0,27/0,30
GIMUF 0.28 0.02 (6.67) 0.27 0.30 56,500
Bid/ Ask 0,27/0,30
TIMES and sales:
Rec. Time Action Price Volume
1:04:32 PM Trade 0.28 26000
10:28:52 AM Trade 0.28 5000
10:21:06 AM Trade 0.28 15000
10:21:00 AM Trade 0.28 5000
10:07:48 AM Trade 0.28 5000
9:35:10 AM Trade 0.3 500
Alles immer aus dem ASK
Rec. Time Action Price Volume
1:04:32 PM Trade 0.28 26000
10:28:52 AM Trade 0.28 5000
10:21:06 AM Trade 0.28 15000
10:21:00 AM Trade 0.28 5000
10:07:48 AM Trade 0.28 5000
9:35:10 AM Trade 0.3 500
Alles immer aus dem ASK
Jetzt kommt etwas Bewegung in die Bude:
2:34:20 PM Trade 0.28 15000
2:34:16 PM Trade 0.27 15000
2:33:54 PM Trade 0.27 4000
2:33:52 PM Trade 0.28 4000
Allerdings ist das BID wieder bei 0,25
2:34:20 PM Trade 0.28 15000
2:34:16 PM Trade 0.27 15000
2:33:54 PM Trade 0.27 4000
2:33:52 PM Trade 0.28 4000
Allerdings ist das BID wieder bei 0,25
hier die letzten trades:
3:59:30 PM Trade 0.28 5000
3:59:20 PM Trade 0.27 5000
3:56:42 PM Trade 0.28 5000
3:56:14 PM Trade 0.28 5000
3:56:08 PM Trade 0.27 10000
3:55:38 PM Trade 0.28 5000
3:52:10 PM Trade 0.28 5000
3:51:56 PM Trade 0.27 10000
3:50:28 PM Trade 0.27 5000
3:33:04 PM Trade 0.27 1000
3:59:30 PM Trade 0.28 5000
3:59:20 PM Trade 0.27 5000
3:56:42 PM Trade 0.28 5000
3:56:14 PM Trade 0.28 5000
3:56:08 PM Trade 0.27 10000
3:55:38 PM Trade 0.28 5000
3:52:10 PM Trade 0.28 5000
3:51:56 PM Trade 0.27 10000
3:50:28 PM Trade 0.27 5000
3:33:04 PM Trade 0.27 1000
[posting]17.696.741 von BRBa am 26.08.05 15:46:12[/posting]ZU WIEVIEL BIST`n HIER REIN?
......bei 0,05 kaufe ich ! Da kommen wir selbst ohne Handelsaktivitäten hin. Mal sehen ob dann jemand abgibt !?
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